{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T15:33:12Z","timestamp":1769095992155,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministry of Education, Universities and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Departments of Excellence 2018\u20132022 initiative"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Departments of Excellence 2018\u20132022 initiative"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Trait empathy is an essential personality feature in the intricacy of typical social inclinations of individuals. Empathy is likely supported by multilevel neuronal network functioning, whereas local topological properties determine network integrity. In the present functional MRI study (N = 116), we aimed to trace empathic traits to the intrinsic brain network architecture. Empathy was conceived as composed of two dimensions within the concept of pre-reflective, intersubjective understanding. Vicarious experience consists of the tendency to resonate with the feelings of other individuals, whereas intuitive understanding refers to a natural awareness of others\u2019 emotional states. Analyses of graph theoretical measures of centrality showed a relationship between the fronto-parietal network and psychometric measures of vicarious experience, whereas intuitive understanding was associated with sensorimotor and subcortical networks. Salience network regions could constitute hubs for information processing underlying both dimensions. The network properties related to empathy dimensions mainly concern inter-network information flow. Moreover, interaction effects implied several sex differences in the relationship between functional network organization and trait empathy. These results reveal that distinct intrinsic topological network features explain individual differences in separate dimensions of intersubjective understanding. The findings could help understand the impact of brain damage or stimulation through alterations of empathy-related network integrity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12040477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T06:01:34Z","timestamp":1649138494000},"page":"477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Intrinsic Shapes of Empathy: Functional Brain Network Topology Encodes Intersubjective Experience and Awareness Traits"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sjoerd J. H.","family":"Ebisch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences (DNISC), G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6825-1717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Scalabrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DiSPuTer), G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5236-0951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg","family":"Northoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal\u2019s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Research Institute, Centre for Neural Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada"},{"name":"Mental Health Centre, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310030, China"},{"name":"Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310030, China"},{"name":"TMU Research Centre for Brain and Consciousness, Shuang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Mucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Rita","family":"Sergi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aristide","family":"Saggino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4194-4641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Aquino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences (DNISC), G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9994-6629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca R.","family":"Alparone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences (DNISC), G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5725-1623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro Gianni","family":"Perrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences (DNISC), G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Gallese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2551-0985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Di Plinio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences (DNISC), G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Titchner, E.B. (1910). A Textbook of Psychology, Macmillan."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbs.20080","article-title":"Theodor Lipps and the shift from \u201csympathy\u201d to \u201cempathy\u201d","volume":"41","author":"Jahoda","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hist. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Vischer, R. (1873). \u00dcber das Optische Formgef\u00fchl. Ein Beitrag zur \u00c4sthetik, Hermann Credner."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Husserl, E. (1973). Zur Ph\u00e4nomenologie der Intersubjektivit\u00e4t, I., Martinus Nijhoff. Husserliana XIII.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-2474-7"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stein, E. (1989). On the Problem of Empathy, ICS Publications.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-1051-5"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1080\/00201741003784663","article-title":"Empathy, embodiment and interpersonal understanding: From Lipps to Schutz","volume":"53","author":"Zahavi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inquiry"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1159\/000072786","article-title":"The roots of empathy: The shared manifold hypothesis and the neural basis of intersubjectivity","volume":"36","author":"Gallese","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.10.009","article-title":"Are we really measuring empathy? Proposal for a new measurement framework","volume":"83","author":"Coll","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X02000018","article-title":"Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases","volume":"25","author":"Preston","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858410379268","article-title":"The neural bases for empathy","volume":"17","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3085","article-title":"The neuroscience of empathy: Progress, pitfalls and promise","volume":"15","author":"Zaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1177\/1534582304267187","article-title":"The functional architecture of human empathy","volume":"3","author":"Decety","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav. Cogn. Neurosci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Innamorati, M., Ebisch, S.J.H., Gallese, V., and Saggino, A. (2019). A bidimensional measure of empathy: Empathic Experience Scale. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1037\/t72441-000"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.05.081","article-title":"Inter-individual differences in empathy are reflected in human brain structure","volume":"62","author":"Banissy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.05.038","article-title":"Individual differences in local gray matter density are associated with differences in affective and cognitive empathy","volume":"117","author":"Eres","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2020.00003","article-title":"Predicting Empathy From Resting State Brain Connectivity: A Multivariate Approach","volume":"14","author":"Reggente","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-38801-6","article-title":"Using resting-state DMN effective connectivity to characterize the neurofunctional architecture of empathy","volume":"9","author":"Soares","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107832","article-title":"Network functional connectivity underlying dissociable cognitive and affective components of empathy in adolescence","volume":"156","author":"Winters","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsr051","article-title":"The balance between feeling and knowing, affective and cognitive empathy are reflected in the brain\u2019s intrinsic functional dynamics","volume":"201","author":"Cox","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn. Affect Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238411","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1238411","article-title":"Structural and functional brain networks: From connections to cognition","volume":"342","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.09.063","article-title":"Cortical cores in network dynamics","volume":"180","author":"Corbetta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.09.012","article-title":"Network hubs in the human brain","volume":"17","author":"Sporns","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alstott, J., Breakspear, M., Hagmann, P., Cammoun, L., and Sporns, O. (2009). Modeling the impact of lesions in the human brain. PLoS Comput. Biol.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000408"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww194","article-title":"Brain networks under attack, robustness properties and the impact of lesions","volume":"139","author":"Aerts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00222","article-title":"Focal brain lesions to critical locations cause widespread disruption of the modular organization of the brain","volume":"24","author":"Gratton","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt317","article-title":"Inability to empathize: Brain lesions that disrupt sharing and understanding another\u2019s emotions","volume":"137","author":"Hillis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn279","article-title":"Two systems for empathy: A double dissociation between emotional and cognitive empathy in inferior frontal gyrus versus ventromedial prefrontal lesions","volume":"132","author":"Perry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2005.08.009","article-title":"Social reasoning, emotion and empathy in frontotemporal dementia","volume":"44","author":"Lough","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00262","article-title":"Primary empathy deficits in frontotemporal dementia","volume":"6","author":"Baez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2012.03.005","article-title":"Stimulating the brain to study social interactions and empathy","volume":"5","author":"Jackson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.03.009","article-title":"When differences matter: rTMS\/fMRI reveals how differences in dispositional empathy translate to distinct neural underpinnings of self-other distinction in empathy","volume":"128","author":"Bukowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2021.02.005","article-title":"Neural mechanisms necessary for empathy-related phenomena across species","volume":"68","author":"Paradiso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Berkowitz, L. (1969). Exploratory investigations of empathy. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.2307\/2086602","article-title":"Some neglected problems in social psychology","volume":"15","author":"Cottrell","year":"1950","journal-title":"Am. Sociol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2006.2002","article-title":"Before and below \u2018theory of mind\u2019: Embodied simulation and the neural correlates of social cognition","volume":"362","author":"Gallese","year":"2007","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spaulding, S. (2017). Cognitive empathy. The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Empathy, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315282015-2"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"85","article-title":"A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy","volume":"10","author":"Davis","year":"1980","journal-title":"JSAS Cat. Sel. Doc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191115599055","article-title":"Assessing Cognitive and Affective Empathy Through the Interpersonal Reactivity Index: An Argument Against a Two-Factor Model","volume":"23","author":"Chrysikou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Scheler, M. (2008). The Nature of Sympathy, Transaction Publishers."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04418.x","article-title":"The social neuroscience of empathy. Ann","volume":"1156","author":"Singer","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-4631-1-3","article-title":"Graph theoretical analysis of complex networks in the brain","volume":"1","author":"Stam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nonlinear Biomed. Phys."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2575","article-title":"Complex brain networks: Graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems","volume":"10","author":"Bullmore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socnet.2004.11.008","article-title":"Centrality and Network Flow","volume":"27","author":"Borgatti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soc. Networks"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socnet.2005.11.005","article-title":"Graph-Theoretic Perspective on Centrality","volume":"28","author":"Borgatti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc. Netw."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1086\/229694","article-title":"Theoretical foundations for centrality measures","volume":"96","author":"Friedkin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Sociol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.09.001","article-title":"Empathy: Gender effects in brain and behavior","volume":"46","author":"Simpson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.04.180","article-title":"Gender differences in brain networks supporting empathy","volume":"42","author":"Markowitsch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11097-005-4737-z","article-title":"Embodied simulation: From neurons to phenomenal experience","volume":"4","author":"Gallese","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phenomenol. Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20130177","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0177","article-title":"Bodily Selves in Relation: Embodied simulation as second-person perspective on intersubjectivity","volume":"369","author":"Gallese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"571","article-title":"Self-processing and the default mode network: Interactions with the mirror neuron system","volume":"7","author":"Uddin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.10.009","article-title":"Is there a core neural network in empathy? An fMRI based quantitative meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Fan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-062111-150536","article-title":"The neural basis of empathy","volume":"35","author":"Bernhardt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-010-0262-0","article-title":"Saliency, switching, attention and control: A network model of insula function","volume":"214","author":"Menon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.05.028","article-title":"How is our self related to midline regions and the default-mode network?","volume":"57","author":"Qin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4689","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24315","article-title":"Brain network profiling defines functionally specialized cortical networks","volume":"39","author":"Ebisch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2007.01.001","article-title":"The self and social cognition: The role of cortical midline structures and mirror neurons","volume":"11","author":"Uddin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2008.04.007","article-title":"The trans-species concept of self and the subcortical-cortical midline system","volume":"12","author":"Northoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2009.10.006","article-title":"Expanding the mirror: Vicarious activity for actions, emotions, and sensations","volume":"19","author":"Keysers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.09.003","article-title":"What is so special about embodied simulation?","volume":"15","author":"Gallese","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Cogn."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/35090060","article-title":"Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action","volume":"2","author":"Rizzolatti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.07.004","article-title":"Brain regions with mirror properties: A meta-analysis of 125 human fMRI studies","volume":"36","author":"Molenberghs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx031","article-title":"Effects of prefrontal cortex damage on emotion understanding: EEG and behavioural evidence","volume":"140","author":"Perry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.23.1.74","article-title":"Social cognition, executive functioning, and neuroimaging correlates of empathic deficits in frontotemporal dementia","volume":"23","author":"Eslinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.036","article-title":"Subcortical contributions to large-scale network communication","volume":"71","author":"Bell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2018.12.005","article-title":"The development of brain network hubs","volume":"36","author":"Oldham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2012.05.001","article-title":"A neurobehavioral evolutionary perspective on the mechanisms underlying empathy","volume":"98","author":"Decety","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.08.006","article-title":"Insular networks for emotional processing and social cognition: Comparison of two case reports with either cortical or subcortical involvement","volume":"49","author":"Couto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.1994.1029","article-title":"Effects of subcortical lesion site on human emotional behavior","volume":"25","author":"Weddell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/026988119701100203","article-title":"Frontal-subcortical circuits: The anatomic basis of executive, social and motivated behaviors","volume":"11","author":"Masterman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01590","article-title":"The Prospective Sense of Agency is Rooted in Local and Global Properties of Intrinsic Functional Brain Networks","volume":"32","author":"Perrucci","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1006\/cbmr.1996.0014","article-title":"AFNI: Software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages","volume":"9","author":"Cox","year":"1996","journal-title":"Comput. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.09.066","article-title":"Is the statistic value all we should care about in neuroimaging?","volume":"147","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048","article-title":"Methods to detect, characterize, and remove motion artifact in resting state fMRI","volume":"84","author":"Power","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.12.018","article-title":"Methods for cleaning the BOLD fMRI signal","volume":"154","author":"Reynolds","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2801","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-018-0065-y","article-title":"Mitigating head motion artifact in functional connectivity MRI","volume":"13","author":"Ciric","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.05.005","article-title":"Correlations and anticorrelations in resting-state functional connectivity MRI: A quantitative comparison of preprocessing strategies","volume":"47","author":"Weissenbacher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2012.0080","article-title":"Trouble at rest: How correlation patterns and group differences become distorted after global signal regression","volume":"2","author":"Saad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Connect."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2015.07.013","article-title":"AICHA: An atlas of intrinsic connectivity of homotopic areas","volume":"254","author":"Joliot","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.01.045","article-title":"A probabilistic MR atlas of the human cerebellum","volume":"46","author":"Diedrichsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.003","article-title":"Complex network measures of brain connectivity: Uses and interpretations","volume":"52","author":"Rubinov","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia, M., Wang, J., and He, Y. (2013). BrainNet Viewer: A network visualization tool for human brain connectomics. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068910"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Achard, S., and Bullmore, E. (2007). Efficiency and cost of economical brain functional networks. PLoS Comput. Biol., 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0030017"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.02.005","article-title":"Proportional thresholding in resting-state fMRI functional connectivity networks and consequences for patient-control connectome studies: Issues and recommendations","volume":"152","author":"Zalesky","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"11","article-title":"Small-world and scale-free organization of voxel-based resting-state functional connectivity in the human brain","volume":"43","author":"Stam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ginestet, C.E., Nichols, T.E., Bullmore, E.T., and Simmons, A. (2011). Brain network analysis: Separating cost from topology using cost-integration. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021570"},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"1082","article-title":"Communities in networks","volume":"56","author":"Porter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Not. Am. Math. Soc."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"036114","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.77.036114","article-title":"Local leaders in random networks","volume":"77","author":"Blondel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter. Phys."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"016118","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.80.016118","article-title":"Benchmarks for testing community detection algorithms on directed and weighted graphs with overlapping communities","volume":"80","author":"Lancichinetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter. Phys."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"036116","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.79.036116","article-title":"Dynamic computation of network statistics via updating schema","volume":"79","author":"Sun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter. Phys."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7641","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1018985108","article-title":"Dynamic reconfiguration of human brain networks during learning","volume":"108","author":"Bassett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00336","article-title":"Consensus clustering in complex networks","volume":"2","author":"Lancichinetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.11.006","article-title":"Multi-scale brain networks","volume":"160","author":"Betzel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_93","first-page":"2","article-title":"Finding and evaluating community structure in networks","volume":"69","author":"Newman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605965104","article-title":"Resolution limit in community detection","volume":"104","author":"Fortunato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03288","article-title":"Functional cartography of complex metabolic networks","volume":"433","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2008.01.004","article-title":"Best linear unbiased prediction for linear combinations in general mixed linear models","volume":"99","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Multivar. Anal."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1080\/10618600.2014.907095","article-title":"Peeking Inside the Black Box: Visualizing Statistical Learning With Plots of Individual Conditional Expectation","volume":"24","author":"Goldstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Comput. Graph. Stat."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.08.003","article-title":"Large-scale brain networks and psychopathology: A unifying triple network model","volume":"15","author":"Menon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1598","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1715766115","article-title":"Heterogeneity within the frontoparietal control network and its relationship to the default and dorsal attention networks","volume":"115","author":"Dixon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2018.20.2\/smarek","article-title":"The fronto-parietal network: Function, electrophysiology, and importance of individual precision mapping","volume":"20","author":"Marek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.10.001","article-title":"Fronto-parietal network: Flexible hub of cognitive control","volume":"17","author":"Zanto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2805","article-title":"The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit: Interpretations and misinterpretations","volume":"11","author":"Rizzolatti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00492","article-title":"and Fogassi, L. Neural Coding for Action Execution and Action Observation in the Prefrontal Cortex and Its Role in the Organization of Socially Driven Behavior","volume":"11","author":"Rozzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1162\/089892903321593063","article-title":"Characterization of empathy deficits following prefrontal brain damage: The role of the right ventromedial prefrontal cortex","volume":"15","author":"Tomer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107991","article-title":"Differential involvement of fronto-parietal network and insula cortex in emotion regulation","volume":"161","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2010.02.006","article-title":"Rest-stimulus interaction in the brain: A review","volume":"33","author":"Northoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.68","article-title":"Why are cortical GABA neurons relevant to internal focus in depression? A cross-level model linking cellular, biochemical and neural network findings","volume":"19","author":"Northoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2010.21551","article-title":"Differential involvement of somatosensory and interoceptive cortices during the observation of affective touch","volume":"23","author":"Ebisch","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.117","article-title":"Activation of \u03bc-opioid receptors in the dorsal striatum is necessary for adult social attachment in monogamous prairie voles","volume":"36","author":"Burkett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8161","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1554-07.2007","article-title":"The role of the dorsal striatum in reward and decision-making","volume":"27","author":"Balleine","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00114","article-title":"Human dorsal striatum encodes prediction errors during observational learning of instrumental actions","volume":"24","author":"Cooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00755-9","article-title":"A neural basis for social cooperation","volume":"35","author":"Rilling","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1401.025","article-title":"Symptoms of frontotemporal dementia provide insights into orbitofrontal cortex function and social behavior","volume":"1121","author":"Viskontas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2833","article-title":"Somatosensation in social perception","volume":"11","author":"Keysers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_115","first-page":"1","article-title":"Altruistic Acting Caused by a Touching Hand, Neural Underpinnings of the Midas Touch Effect","volume":"00","author":"Schaefer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn. Affect Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5497","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0935845100","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of empathy in humans: A relay from neural systems for imitation to limbic areas","volume":"100","author":"Carr","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.10.006","article-title":"Neural activity during social signal perception correlates with self-reported empathy","volume":"1308","author":"Hooker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1481","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation highlights the sensorimotor side of empathy for pain","volume":"8","author":"Avenanti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4777","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25570","article-title":"Overlapping and specific neural correlates for empathizing, affective mentalizing, and cognitive mentalizing: A coordinate-based meta-analytic study","volume":"42","author":"Arioli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn894","article-title":"How do you feel? Interoception, the sense of the physiological condition of the body","volume":"3","author":"Craig","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1176","article-title":"Neural systems supporting interoceptive awareness","volume":"7","author":"Critchley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4628","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy340","article-title":"Spontaneous brain activity predicts task-evoked activity during animate versus inanimate touch","volume":"29","author":"Scalabrini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10389-9","article-title":"How spontaneous brain activity and narcissistic features shape social interaction","volume":"7","author":"Scalabrini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3857","article-title":"Salience processing and insular cortical function and dysfunction","volume":"16","author":"Uddin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.11.051","article-title":"The connectivity of functional cores reveals different degrees of segregation and integration in the brain at rest","volume":"69","author":"Sabatini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12569","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800005105","article-title":"A critical role for the right fronto-insular cortex in switching between central-executive and default-mode networks","volume":"105","author":"Sridharan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2015_412","article-title":"Models, Mechanisms and Moderators: Dissociating Empathy and Theory of Mind","volume":"30","author":"Kanske","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Top Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2010.12.4\/mthioux","article-title":"Empathy: Shared circuits and their dysfunctions","volume":"12","author":"Thioux","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsaa025","article-title":"Inter-subject phase synchronization differentiates neural networks underlying physical pain empathy","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn. Affect Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.02.035","article-title":"Voluntary control of anterior insula and its functional connections is feedback-independent and increases pain empathy","volume":"130","author":"Yao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq060","article-title":"Empathic brain responses in insula are modulated by levels of alexithymia but not autism","volume":"133","author":"Bird","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.01.021","article-title":"Acquired alexithymia following damage to the anterior insula","volume":"82","author":"Hogeveen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.10.014","article-title":"Meta-analytic evidence for common and distinct neural networks associated with directly experienced pain and empathy for pain","volume":"54","author":"Lamm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.05.004","article-title":"Linking Bodily, Environmental and Mental States in the Self\u2014A Three-Level Model Based on a Meta-Analysis","volume":"115","author":"Qin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scalabrini, A., Wolman, A., and Northoff, G. (2021). The self and its right insula\u2014Differential topography and dynamic of right vs. left insula. Brain Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11101312"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.07.002","article-title":"A unifying view of the basis of social cognition","volume":"8","author":"Gallese","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2018.07.002","article-title":"Anterior insula lesions and alexithymia reduce the endorsements of everyday altruistic attitudes","volume":"117","author":"Chau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.04.003","article-title":"Damage to the insula is associated with abnormal interpersonal trust","volume":"71","author":"Belfi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(02)00325-1","article-title":"The effect of cingulate lesions on social behaviour and emotion","volume":"41","author":"Hadland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.2307\/1130540","article-title":"Emotional displays associated with preschoolers\u2019 prosocial behavior","volume":"58","author":"Lennon","year":"1987","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2012.08.001","article-title":"Age-related sex differences in explicit measures of empathy do not predict brain responses across childhood and adolescence","volume":"3","author":"Michalska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbs055","article-title":"Empathic concern and perspective taking: Linear and quadratic effects of age across the adult life span","volume":"68","author":"Konrath","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15641","article-title":"Empathy at birth: Mother\u2019s cortex synchronizes with that of her newborn in pain","volume":"55","author":"Bembich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_144","unstructured":"Bullowa, M. (1979). Communication and cooperation in early infancy:A description of primary intersubjectivity. Before Speech, Cambridge University Press."}],"container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/12\/4\/477\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:49:53Z","timestamp":1760136593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/12\/4\/477"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"references-count":144,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["brainsci12040477"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci12040477","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]}}}