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(NSFC)","award":["7212035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7212035"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["XTYB201802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XTYB201802"]}]},{"name":"National Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Science and Technology Support of the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["31900751"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31900751"]}]},{"name":"National Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Science and Technology Support of the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["2012BAI01B02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012BAI01B02"]}]},{"name":"National Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Science and Technology Support of the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["2016YFC1306100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC1306100"]}]},{"name":"National Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Science and Technology Support of the Chinese Ministry of Science and 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Technology","award":["7212035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7212035"]}]},{"name":"Research on Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases in the Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["XTYB201802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XTYB201802"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31900751"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31900751"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012BAI01B02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012BAI01B02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science 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Authority","award":["2012BAI01B02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012BAI01B02"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund of the Pediatric Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Hospitals Authority","award":["2016YFC1306100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC1306100"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund of the Pediatric Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Hospitals Authority","award":["7212035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7212035"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund of the Pediatric Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Hospitals Authority","award":["XTYB201802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XTYB201802"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and tic disorders (TDs) are closely related and considered to etiologically overlap. Both disorders are characterized by repetitive behaviors. TD and OCD often co-occur. The high comorbidity between OCD and TD individuals suggests that we also need to pay more attention to the homogeneity and heterogeneity between TS and OCD. To date, there has been no systematic nationwide epidemiological survey of the mental health (including tic disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder) of children and adolescents in China. Methods: A two-stage epidemiological study of psychiatric point prevalence was conducted. We used the multistage cluster stratified random sampling strategy to assess five provinces of China. The Child Behavior Checklist was used to identify behavioral problems among the enrolled students in the first stage. The results from the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents and evaluations from two psychiatrists based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV were used to make a diagnosis. Point weighted prevalence for TD and OCD was estimated. We adjusted prevalence estimates with the product of sampling weights and poststratification weights. Standard error values and 95% confidential intervals were generated with Taylor series linearization. Rao\u2013Scott adjusted chi-square (\u03c72) tests were employed to compare the prevalence estimates of different age and sex groups. Results: In the first stage, 73,992 participants aged 6\u201316 years old were selected. The prevalence rates of OCD and TDs were 1.37% (95% CI: 1.28\u20131.45) and 2.46% (95% CI: 2.35\u20132.57), respectively. The prevalence of OCD was found to be higher in girls (p &lt; 0.001) and higher in boys with transient tic disorder (TTD) (p &lt; 0.001) and Tourette\u2019s syndrome (TS) (p &lt; 0.001). The most common comorbidity of TS was OCD (40.73%), and for OCD, it was TS (11.36%). Conclusions: Our study is the first nationwide survey on the prevalence of TD (2.46%) and OCD (1.37%) in school students aged 6\u201316 years old in China. The high comorbidity between OCD and TD individuals suggested overlap based on the prevalence dimensions, which might be influenced by age and sex. This result suggested that we also need to pay more attention to the homogeneity and heterogeneity between TS and OCD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12050650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T13:06:23Z","timestamp":1652706383000},"page":"650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The Prevalence and Comorbidity of Tic Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Chinese School Students Aged 6\u201316: A National Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Junjuan","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Centre for Children\u2019s Health, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hu","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Innovation and Transformation, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing 100096, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tengteng","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health Care, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Centre for Children\u2019s Health, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Centre for Children\u2019s Health, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Centre for Children\u2019s Health, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingran","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Centre for Children\u2019s Health, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanzhen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ankang Hutong, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ankang Hutong, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghua","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Centre for Children\u2019s Health, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Centre for Children\u2019s Health, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"APA (2013). 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