{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:35:04Z","timestamp":1787027704372,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eugene &amp; Clarissa Evonuk Memorial Graduate Fellowship"},{"name":"University of Oregon Center for the Study of Women in Society"},{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It has been consistently demonstrated that females report greater numbers of concussions in sex-comparable sports and take longer to recover from concussive symptoms than males. However, it is unknown if the neurophysiological consequences of concussion may contribute to these sex differences in concussion symptoms and recovery. The purpose of this study was to examine potential sex-related differences in neurophysiology in healthy and concussed individuals. Twenty-one (nine F) concussed individuals (20.9 \u00b1 4.1 years; CONC) and twenty-one age-, sex-, height-, weight-, and activity-matched controls (21.2 \u00b1 4.2 years; CONT) participated in the study. The CONC group reported to the lab within 72 h, 1-week, and 2-weeks post-injury and the CONT group followed a similar measurement schedule. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation, motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude and cortical silent period (CSP) duration were measured from the first dorsal interosseous muscle to assess corticospinal excitability and inhibition, respectively. There were no significant differences across time (p \u2265 0.13) or between the CONC and CONT group in MEP amplitude (p = 0.72) or CSP duration (p = 0.54). Overall, males (119.08 \u00b1 29.91 ms) had significantly longer CSP durations compared with females (101.24 \u00b1 33.43 ms), indicating greater corticospinal inhibition in males, regardless of injury status (p = 0.04). An important and novel finding of this study was the lack of differences in these neurophysiological measures between males and females following concussion. To our knowledge, this is the first study to document greater corticospinal inhibition in males compared with females.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12070824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T10:39:13Z","timestamp":1656153553000},"page":"824","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Corticospinal Excitability and Inhibition Are Not Different between Concussed Males and Females"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Pauhl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON N6A 2X2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8305-0000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alia","family":"Yasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Christie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON N6A 2X2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5127374","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5127374","article-title":"Efficiency of an Active Rehabilitation Intervention in a Slow-to-Recover Paediatric Population following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study","volume":"2016","author":"Imhoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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