{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T21:27:34Z","timestamp":1793136454024,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union","award":["DOC-Stim (No. 839234)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DOC-Stim (No. 839234)"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["PN-III-P1-1.1-TE-2019-1753"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-III-P1-1.1-TE-2019-1753"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006595","name":"Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, CNCS\u2014UEFISCDI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DOC-Stim (No. 839234)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DOC-Stim (No. 839234)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006595","name":"Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, CNCS\u2014UEFISCDI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PN-III-P1-1.1-TE-2019-1753"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-III-P1-1.1-TE-2019-1753"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology has been shown to provide new communication possibilities, conveying brain information externally. BCI-based robot control has started to play an important role, especially in medically assistive robots but not only there. For example, a BCI-controlled robotic arm can provide patients diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases such as Locked-in syndrome (LIS), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and others with the ability to manipulate different objects. This study presents the optimization of the configuration parameters of a three-class Motor Imagery (MI) -based BCI for controlling a six Degrees of Freedom (DOF) robotic arm in a plane. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are recorded from 64 positions on the scalp according to the International 10-10 System. In terms of the resulting classification of error rates, we investigated twelve time windows for the spatial filter and classifier calculation and three time windows for the variance smoothing time. The lowest error rates were achieved when using a 3 s time window for creating the spatial filters and classifier, for a variance time window of 1.5 s.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12070833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T21:01:41Z","timestamp":1656277301000},"page":"833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Optimizing Motor Imagery Parameters for Robotic Arm Control by Brain-Computer Interface"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6777-7656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00dcnal","family":"Hayta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pilotage Department, Faculty of Aeronautics and Aerospace, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4082-4736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danut Constantin","family":"Irimia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy Utilization, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Electrical Drives and Industrial Automation (EUEDIA), \u201cGheorghe Asachi\u201d Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"g.tec Medical Engineering GmbH, 4521 Schiedlberg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6468-8500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Guger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"g.tec Medical Engineering GmbH, 4521 Schiedlberg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130brahim","family":"Erkutlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Nerve Surgery Clinic, Liv Hospital Gaziantep, 27080 Gaziantep, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130brahim Halil","family":"G\u00fczelbey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Aeronautics and Aerospace, Hasan Kalyoncu University, 27010 Gaziantep, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graimann, B., Pfurtscheller, G., and Allison, B. 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