{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T12:41:07Z","timestamp":1793191267118,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Studies on cerebral palsy among children and adolescents in Arabic-speaking countries are scarce. In this systematic review, we aimed to describe the epidemiology of cerebral palsy among children and adolescents in Arabic-speaking countries in terms of prevalence, risk factors, motor types, and rehabilitation. Methods: Six key bibliographic databases were searched for relevant literature published to 17 July 2021. Titles and abstracts were screened for potential inclusion and two independent reviewers screened the full texts of potential articles following pre-defined inclusion\/exclusion criteria. The included studies were evaluated independently by three reviewers. The risk of bias was assessed, and data were extracted and analysed. Results: A total of 32 studies from 7 countries met our inclusion criteria. The prevalence of cerebral palsy in Arabic-speaking countries was 1.8\/1000 live births (95% CI: 1.2\u20132.5). Spastic cerebral palsy was the most common motor type, representing 59.8% (95% CI: 46.2\u201372.7) of pooled estimates. This included children with spastic quadriplegia, diplegia, and hemiplegia; 25.1% (95% CI: 18.2\u201332.8), 16.2% (95% CI: 11.4\u201323.3), and 10.4% (95% CI: 7.3\u201313.8), respectively. Consanguinity was high and represented 37.7% (95% CI: 29.3\u201346.6). Only one included study reported the types of rehabilitation received (e.g., physiotherapy and assistance devices). Conclusions: This paper provides a summary of the epidemiology of cerebral palsy in Arabic-speaking countries and highlights areas for future research. There is still a substantial knowledge gap on the epidemiology of cerebral palsy in these regions. Countries in the Arab region should follow examples of countries that have successfully established cerebral palsy registries to generate evidence on epidemiology of cerebral palsy and opportunities for prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12070859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T20:47:56Z","timestamp":1656535676000},"page":"859","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Epidemiology of Cerebral Palsy among Children and Adolescents in Arabic-Speaking Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5986-5787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sami Mukhdari","family":"Mushta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"},{"name":"Public Health Authority, Riyadh 13354, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shona","family":"Goldsmith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0082-2413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayley","family":"Smithers-Sheedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Al-Mamoon","family":"Badahdah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2286-5139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harunor","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Badawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia"},{"name":"Grace Centre for Newborn Intensive Care, Sydney Children\u2019s Hospital Network (SCHN), Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulam","family":"Khandaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia"},{"name":"Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, QLD 4700, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"McIntyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2015-001184","article-title":"Cerebral palsy","volume":"16","author":"Wimalasundera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pract. 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