{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:19:30Z","timestamp":1772252370813,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Plan of China","award":["2019YFC0118503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC0118503"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The surgical methods for treating spasmodic torticollis include the denervation and myotomy (DAM) of the affected muscles and deep brain stimulation (DBS). This study reports on the long-term efficacy, prognostic factors, safety, and hospitalization costs following these two procedures. We collected data from 94 patients with spasmodic torticollis, of whom 41 and 53 were treated with DAM and DBS, respectively, from June 2008 to December 2020 at the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army General Hospital. We used the Tsui scale and the global outcome score of the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) to evaluate the preoperative and postoperative clinical conditions in all patients. We also determined the costs of hospitalization, prognostic factors, and serious adverse events following the two surgical procedures. The mean follow-up time was 68.83 months (range = 13\u2013116). Both resection surgery and DBS showed good results in terms of Tsui (Z = \u22125.103, p = 0.000; Z = \u22126.210, p = 0.000) and TWSTRS scores (t = 8.762, p = 0.000; Z = \u22126.308, p = 0.000). Compared with the DAM group, the preoperative (47.71, range 24\u201367.25) and postoperative (18.57, range 0\u201353) TWSTRS scores in the DBS group were significantly higher (Z = \u22123.161, p = 0.002). We found no correlation between prognostic factors and patient age, gender, or disease duration for either surgical procedure. However, prognostic factors were related to the length of the postoperative follow-up period in the DBS surgery group (Z = \u22122.068, p = 0.039; Z = \u22123.287, p = 0.001). The mean hospitalization cost in the DBS group was 6.85 times that found in the resection group (Z = \u22128.284, p = 0.000). The total complication rate was 4.26%. We found both resection surgery and DBS showed good results in the patients with spasmodic torticollis. Compared with DAM, DBS had a greater improvement in TWSTRS score; however, it was more expensive. Prognostic factors were related to the length of the postoperative follow-up period in patients who underwent DBS surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12070881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T11:15:05Z","timestamp":1656933305000},"page":"881","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Long-Term Efficacy, Prognostic Factors, Safety, and Hospitalization Costs Following Denervation and Myotomy of the Affected Muscles and Deep Brain Stimulation in 94 Patients with Spasmodic Torticollis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Clinical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Clinical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Eco-City, Tangshan 063210, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingyao","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Eco-City, Tangshan 063210, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqi","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Clinical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Longsheng","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Clinical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhipei","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Clinical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Clinical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cadre Medical Department, The First Medical Clinical Center, PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10127","article-title":"Epidemiological Study of Dystonia in Europe Collaborative Group: Impact of cervical dystonia on quality of life","volume":"17","author":"Camfield","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mov. 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Focus"}],"container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/12\/7\/881\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:42:33Z","timestamp":1760139753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/12\/7\/881"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["brainsci12070881"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci12070881","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.20944\/preprints202206.0166.v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2076-3425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]]}}}