{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T09:21:20Z","timestamp":1770888080307,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoid osteoma (OO) is a primary benign tumor that accounts for up to 3% of all bone tumors. The cervical spine is less affected by OOs, and very few cases of C2 OOs have been reported in the literature, both in adults and children. Surgery may be required in case of functional torticollis, stiffness, and reduced range of motion (ROM) due to cervical OOs refractory to medical therapy. Several posterior and anterior surgical techniques have been described to remove C2 OOs. In particular, anterior approaches to the cervical spine represent the most used surgical route for treating C2 OOs. We describe the first case of OO of the odontoid process removed through a transnasal endoscopic approach with the aid of neuronavigation in a 6-year-old child. No intraoperative complications occurred, and the post-operative course was uneventful. The patient had immediate relief of neck pain and remained pain-free throughout the follow-up period, with complete functional recovery of the neck range of motion (ROM). In this case, based on the favorable anatomy, the transnasal endoscopic approach represented a valuable strategy for the complete removal of an anterior C2 OO without the need for further vertebral fixation since the preservation of ligaments and paravertebral soft tissue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12070916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T22:06:00Z","timestamp":1657749960000},"page":"916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Transnasal Endoscopic Approach for Osteoid Osteoma of the Odontoid Process in a Child: Technical Note and Systematic Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6309-8963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe Roberto","family":"Giammalva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurosurgery, Post Graduate Residency Program in Neurosurgery, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Letizia","family":"Dell\u2019Aglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences DNS, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0235-6062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brando","family":"Guarrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences DNS, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5642-4289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Baro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences DNS, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Calvanese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences DNS, \u201cAzienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 di Padova\u201d, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Schiavo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences DNS, \u201cAzienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 di Padova\u201d, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Mantovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Integrated Didactic-Scientific Healtcare Department of Surgery (DIDAS Chirurgia), \u201cAzienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 di Padova\u201d, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Integrated Didactic-Scientific Healtcare Department of Surgery (DIDAS Chirurgia), \u201cAzienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 di Padova\u201d, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenico Gerardo","family":"Iacopino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurosurgery, Post Graduate Residency Program in Neurosurgery, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6491-7027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Causin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neuroradiology, Department of Neurosciences DNS, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piero","family":"Nicolai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences DNS, \u201cAzienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 di Padova\u201d, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4023-0121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences DNS, \u201cAzienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 di Padova\u201d, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"Guided Therapeutics (GTx) Program International Scholarship, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada"},{"name":"Technology for Health (Ph.D. Program), Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2529-6149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Denaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences DNS, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02221599","article-title":"Osteoid Osteoma of the Axis","volume":"3","author":"Eysel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. 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