{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T16:01:23Z","timestamp":1769011283844,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]],"date-time":"2022-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bavarian Gender Equality Grant of the Free State of Bavaria, Germany"},{"name":"ZNS-Hannelore Kohl Stiftung, Germany"},{"name":"Deutsche Migr\u00e4ne- und Kopfschmerzgesellschaft (DMKG)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Repetitive neuromuscular magnetic stimulation (rNMS) for pediatric headache disorders is feasible, safe, and alleviates headache symptoms. This study assesses muscular effects and factors affecting response to rNMS. A retrospective chart review included children with headaches receiving six rNMS sessions targeting the upper trapezius muscles. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were measured before and after rNMS, and at 3-month follow-up (FU). Mean headache frequency, duration, and intensity within the last 3 months were documented. In 20 patients (14.1 \u00b1 2.7 years), PPT significantly increased from pre- to post-treatment (p &lt; 0.001) sustaining until FU. PPT changes significantly differed between primary headache and post-traumatic headache (PTH) (p = 0.019\u20130.026). Change in headache frequency was significantly higher in patients with than without neck pain (p = 0.032). A total of 60% of patients with neck pain responded to rNMS (\u226525%), while 20% of patients without neck pain responded (p = 0.048). 60% of patients receiving rNMS twice a week were responders, while 33% of patients receiving rNMS less or more frequently responded to treatment, respectively. Alleviation of muscular hyperalgesia was demonstrated sustaining for 3 months, which was emphasized in PTH. The rNMS sessions may positively modulate headache symptoms regardless of headache diagnosis. Patients with neck pain profit explicitly well. Two rNMS sessions per week led to the highest reduction in headache frequency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12070932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]],"date-time":"2022-07-17T21:00:28Z","timestamp":1658091628000},"page":"932","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Repetitive Neuromuscular Magnetic Stimulation for Pediatric Headache Disorders: Muscular Effects and Factors Affecting Level of Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Corinna","family":"B\u00f6rner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LMU Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\u2014Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00e4t, Lindwurm Str. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"LMU Center for Children with Medical Complexity, Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00e4t, Lindwurm Str. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Staisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LMU Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\u2014Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00e4t, Lindwurm Str. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"LMU Center for Children with Medical Complexity, Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00e4t, Lindwurm Str. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LMU Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\u2014Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00e4t, Lindwurm Str. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"LMU Center for Children with Medical Complexity, Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00e4t, Lindwurm Str. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ari","family":"Hauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LMU Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\u2014Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00e4t, Lindwurm Str. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"LMU Center for Children with Medical Complexity, Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00e4t, Lindwurm Str. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Hannibal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LMU Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\u2014Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00e4t, Lindwurm Str. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"LMU Center for Children with Medical Complexity, Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00e4t, Lindwurm Str. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Hu\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LMU Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\u2014Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00e4t, Lindwurm Str. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"LMU Center for Children with Medical Complexity, Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00e4t, Lindwurm Str. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Klose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LMU Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\u2014Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00e4t, Lindwurm Str. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"LMU Center for Children with Medical Complexity, Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00e4t, Lindwurm Str. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias F.","family":"Lechner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LMU Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\u2014Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00e4t, Lindwurm Str. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"LMU Center for Children with Medical Complexity, Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00e4t, Lindwurm Str. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8120-2223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nico","family":"Sollmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Heinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LMU Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\u2014Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00e4t, Lindwurm Str. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"LMU Center for Children with Medical Complexity, Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00e4t, Lindwurm Str. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirjam N.","family":"Landgraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LMU Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\u2014Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universit\u00e4t, Lindwurm Str. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"LMU Center for Children with Medical Complexity, Dr. von Hauner 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