{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T15:32:01Z","timestamp":1789399921605,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness of Spain within the program Ram\u00f3n y Cajal","award":["RYC-2016-20471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RYC-2016-20471"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eye movement disorders have been reported in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) as saccadic disturbances. Several methods have been described for the assessment of saccades, including the K-D and DEM tests. The performance of these tests also involves attention, language, and other brain areas which have been reported to be altered in MS patients. The aim of the study was to determine how developmental eye movement (DEM) and King-Devick (K-D) tests are affected in MS-patients. It was also to analyze whether a resolved episode of optic neuritis (ON) has a negative influence. Subjects with MS showed worse outcomes (higher times) in DEM test (72 (26) s and a K-D test (56 (22) s compared to healthy subjects (64 (7) s and 55 (11) s, respectively). However, a previous ON episode did not worsen the MS-times of DEM (80 (33) s or of K-D (62 (33) s. Horizontal saccades with the DEM showed differences between subjects with MS (with and without ON) and healthy ones (p &lt; 0.05), whereas no such differences were found in the vertical saccades. According to the DEM instructions, MS patients would present heterogeneous oculomotor and non-visual disturbances. Regarding the K-D test, only the third card (the most complex one) showed differences (p &lt; 0.05) between groups. These tests can capture impairment of attention, language, and other areas that correlate with suboptimal brain function in addition to the oculomotor dysfunctions present in subjects with MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12070954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T03:34:40Z","timestamp":1658374480000},"page":"954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) and King-Devick (K-D) Performance in Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1708-0695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amparo","family":"Gil-Casas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Optom\u00e8trica, Foundation Llu\u00eds Alcany\u00eds, University of Valencia, 46020 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Optics and Visual Perception Group (GOPV), Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicent del Raspeig, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1546-4807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David P.","family":"Pi\u00f1ero-Llorens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optics and Visual Perception Group (GOPV), Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicent del Raspeig, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4854-3592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ainhoa","family":"Molina-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optics and Visual Perception Group (GOPV), Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicent del Raspeig, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1409","article-title":"Eye disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis: Natural history and management","volume":"4","author":"Graves","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. 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