{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:59:58Z","timestamp":1760237998403,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health\u2014Ricerca Corrente"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare neoplasm composed of cells with immunohistochemical characteristics of mature histiocytes. It can be disseminated or localized and usually involves the skin, spleen, and gastrointestinal tract. Primary involvement of the vertebral column is extremely rare. We report a 29-year-old female who presented with neck pain and had a destructive 35*43*48 mm lesion in C2 with a paravertebral extension. The initial biopsy did not lead to the correct diagnosis. She later developed dysphagia, and the anterior approach was used for tumor decompression. The diagnosis of cervical histiocytic sarcoma was made, and she underwent radiotherapy. The follow-up MRI showed a marked response to radiotherapy. Here, we report the first case of cervical HS, review all cases of vertebral HS, compare patients\u2019 characteristics and clinical courses, and discuss diagnostic nuances and treatment options.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12070958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T22:38:50Z","timestamp":1658443130000},"page":"958","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Histiocytic Sarcoma Involving Cervical Vertebra: A Case Report and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Eshagh","family":"Bahrami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Skull Base Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1997667665, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masoumeh","family":"Najafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skull Base Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1997667665, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4611-8859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amin","family":"Jahanbakhshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1997667665, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5934-7955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaber","family":"Hatam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skull Base Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1997667665, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saadat","family":"Molanaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Milad Hospital, Hakim Highway, Tehran 1997667665, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Ciammella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8890-3460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Cozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000131541.95394.23","article-title":"Extranodal histiocytic sarcoma: Clinicopathologic analysis of 14 cases of a rare epithelioid malignancy","volume":"28","author":"Hornick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.100183","article-title":"A rare case of primary extranodal, extradural histiocytic sarcoma of the thoracic spine and review of literature","volume":"3","author":"Patnaik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg. Neurol. Int."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.3109\/10428191003699845","article-title":"Histiocytic sarcoma arising in indolent small B-cell lymphoma: Report of two cases with molecular\/genetic evidence suggestive of a \u2018transdifferentiation\u2019 during the clonal evolution","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1097\/PAI.0b013e3181897e8e","article-title":"Malignant histiocytoses\/disseminated histiocytic sarcoma with hemophagocytic syndrome in a patient with mediastinal germ cell tumor","volume":"17","author":"Shinoda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e322","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0026","article-title":"Histiocytic sarcoma in a 3-year-old male: A case report","volume":"116","author":"Buonocore","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-011-1228-x","article-title":"Primary extranodal histiocytic sarcoma of lumbar spine","volume":"41","author":"Kaushal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Skelet. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e610","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20120327-38","article-title":"Total en bloc spondylectomy of L3 vertebra for histiocytic sarcoma","volume":"35","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2002.01418.x","article-title":"Tumours of histiocytes and accessory dendritic cells: An immunohistochemical approach to classification from the International Lymphoma Study Group based on 61 cases","volume":"41","author":"Pileri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2010.25.2.313","article-title":"A case of histiocytic sarcoma presenting with primary bone marrow involvement","volume":"25","author":"Sohn","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2018-0220-RA","article-title":"Histiocytic Sarcoma: Review, Discussion of Transformation From B-Cell Lymphoma, and Differential Diagnosis","volume":"142","author":"Skala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11271","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000011271","article-title":"Primary central nervous system histiocytic sarcoma: A case report and review of literature","volume":"97","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200302000-00017","article-title":"Histiocytic sarcoma involving the central nervous system: Clinical, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic studies of a case with review of the literature","volume":"27","author":"Sun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12416","article-title":"Frequent detection of BRAF(V600E) mutations in histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms","volume":"65","author":"Go","year":"2014","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-017-2176-1","article-title":"Histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms: What have we learnt by studying 67 cases","volume":"471","author":"Facchetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-019-02691-w","article-title":"Subsequent development of histiocytic sarcoma and follicular lymphoma: Cytogenetics and next-generation sequencing analyses provide evidence for transdifferentiation of early common lymphoid precursor-a case report and review of literature","volume":"476","author":"Pericart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2018.1492128","article-title":"Predictors of survival, treatment patterns, and outcomes in histiocytic sarcoma","volume":"60","author":"Kommalapati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2022.7001","article-title":"Near Complete Response to Trametinib Treatment in Histiocytic Sarcoma Harboring a Somatic KRAS Mutation","volume":"20","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Canc. Netw."}],"container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/12\/7\/958\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:55:55Z","timestamp":1760140555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/12\/7\/958"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["brainsci12070958"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci12070958","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3425"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-3425"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]]}}}