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This cross-sectional survey assessed Chinese physicians\u2019 and nurses\u2019 knowledge of, attitudes towards, and practice regarding ED in adults. Methods: Electronic questionnaires were sent to 93 major academic hospitals across mainland China and both attending anesthesiologists and anesthesia nurses were recommended to complete them. Results: A total of 243 anesthesiologists and 213 anesthesia nurses participated in the survey. Most of the participants considered it a very important issue; however, less than one-third of them routinely assessed ED. In terms of screening tools, anesthesiologists preferred the Confusion Assessment Method, while anesthesia nurses reported using multiple screening tools. Divergence also appeared with regard to the necessity of monitoring the depth of anesthesia. Anesthesiologists considered it only necessary in high-risk patients, while the nurses considered that it should be carried out routinely. No unified treatment strategy nor medication was reported for ED treatment during the recovery period. Conclusions: This study illustrated that there are high awareness levels among both Chinese anesthesiologists and anesthesia nurses regarding the importance of ED. However, a specific practice in terms of routine delirium assessment, anesthesia depth monitoring, and a standardized treatment algorithm needs to be implemented to improve ED management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12080989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T22:03:42Z","timestamp":1658873022000},"page":"989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Cross-Sectional Survey on the Clinical Management of Emergence Delirium in Adults: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice in Mainland China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The Yan\u2019an Branch of Peking University Third Hospital, Yan\u2019an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yan\u2019an 716000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengqian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The Yan\u2019an Branch of Peking University Third Hospital, Yan\u2019an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yan\u2019an 716000, China"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Perioperative Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care (CPAM), No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiling","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The Yan\u2019an Branch of Peking University Third Hospital, Yan\u2019an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yan\u2019an 716000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The Yan\u2019an Branch of Peking University Third Hospital, Yan\u2019an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yan\u2019an 716000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The Yan\u2019an Branch of Peking University Third Hospital, Yan\u2019an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yan\u2019an 716000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenchao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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