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The pathogenesis, clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis remain poorly understood. We herein presented three cases of paraneoplastic ALS. In case 1, we first reported an ALS patient with the positive serum antibodies against both Sry-like high mobility group box 1 (SOX1) and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65). However, immunotherapy did not improve his neurological symptoms. We also reported two ALS patients with renal clear cell carcinoma and chronic myelogenous leukemia. No positive paraneoplastic antibodies were detected in either the serum or the cerebrospinal fluid of the two patients, and their clinical symptoms progressed slowly after tumor treatment. The three cases enriched the existing case pool of this rare disorder. In addition, we have comprehensively reviewed the literature of paraneoplastic ALS. The clinical features, treatment effect and prognosis were summarized to broaden our understanding of paraneoplastic ALS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12081053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T21:09:18Z","timestamp":1659992958000},"page":"1053","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Paraneoplastic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Case Series and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zhao","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9733-3949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manli","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruijin Hospital Neurology Training Base, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizhou","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanyu","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dou","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7428-7153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China"},{"name":"Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6211-0588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinming","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2019.0228","article-title":"Verapamil Ameliorates Motor Neuron Degeneration and Improves Lifespan in the SOD1(G93A) Mouse Model of ALS by Enhancing Autophagic Flux","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-021-00250-5","article-title":"A perspective on therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Can disease progression be curbed?","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. 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