{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:35:15Z","timestamp":1787495715142,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tinnitus is defined as the phantom perception of sound. To date, there is no curative treatment, and contemporary treatments have failed to show beneficial outcomes. Deep brain stimulation has been suggested as a potential therapy for refractory tinnitus. However, the optimal target and stimulation regimens remain to be defined. Herein, we investigated metabolic and neuronal activity changes using cytochrome C oxidase histochemistry and c-Fos immunohistochemistry in a noise trauma-induced rat model of tinnitus. We also assessed changes in neuronal activity following medial geniculate body (MGB) high-frequency stimulation (HFS). Metabolic activity was reduced in the primary auditory cortex, MGB and CA1 region of the hippocampus in noise-exposed rats. Additionally, c-Fos expression was increased in the primary auditory cortex of those animals. Furthermore, MGB-HFS enhanced c-Fos expression in the thalamic reticular nucleus. We concluded that noise trauma alters tissue activity in multiple brain areas including the auditory and limbic regions. MGB-HFS resulted in higher neuronal activity in the thalamic reticular nucleus. Given the prominent role of the auditory thalamus in tinnitus, these data provide more rationales towards targeting the MGB with HFS as a symptom management tool in tinnitus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12081099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T21:39:21Z","timestamp":1660858761000},"page":"1099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Effect of Noise Trauma and Deep Brain Stimulation of the Medial Geniculate Body on Tissue Activity in the Auditory Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2459-0773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faris","family":"Almasabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gusta","family":"van Zwieten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9439-1847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faisal","family":"Alosaimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 25732, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasper V.","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Ear Nose and Throat, Head and Neck Surgery, Zuyderland, 6419 PC Heerlen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasin","family":"Temel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0030-7224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus L. F.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Jahanshahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2021.100250","article-title":"Tinnitus prevalence in Europe: A multi-country cross-sectional population study","volume":"12","author":"Biswas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. 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