{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T06:23:37Z","timestamp":1793859817306,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad Cardenal Herrera\u2014CEU, CEU Universities","award":["IDOC18-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDOC18-07"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Cardenal Herrera\u2014CEU, CEU Universities","award":["INDI21\/29"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INDI21\/29"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Cardenal Herrera\u2014CEU, CEU Universities","award":["CAF 21-024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAF 21-024"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Cardenal Herrera\u2014CEU, CEU Universities","award":["CAF 21-025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAF 21-025"]}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n C.V. de Investigaci\u00f3n del Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castell\u00f3n","award":["IDOC18-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDOC18-07"]}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n C.V. de Investigaci\u00f3n del Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castell\u00f3n","award":["INDI21\/29"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INDI21\/29"]}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n C.V. de Investigaci\u00f3n del Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castell\u00f3n","award":["CAF 21-024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAF 21-024"]}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n C.V. de Investigaci\u00f3n del Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castell\u00f3n","award":["CAF 21-025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAF 21-025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The technological revolution has led to the birth of new diagnoses, such as gaming disorder. When any addiction, including this one, is associated with other mental disorders, it is considered a dual diagnosis. The objectives of this current work were to estimate the prevalence of dual diagnoses in the adolescent general population while also considering the problematic use of video games and substance addiction and assessing its psychosocial risk factors. Thus, we carried out a cross-sectional study with a sample of 397 adolescents; 16.4% presented problematic videogame use and 3% presented a dual diagnosis. Male gender increased the probability of both a dual diagnosis (OR [95% CI] = 7.119 [1.132, 44.785]; p = 0.036) and problematic video game use (OR [95% CI] = 9.85 [4.08, 23.77]; p &lt; 0.001). Regarding personality, low conscientiousness, openness, and agreeableness scores were predictors of a dual diagnosis and problematic videogame use, while emotional stability predicted a dual diagnosis (OR [95% CI] = 1.116 [1.030, 1.209]; p = 0.008). Regarding family dynamics, low affection and communication increased both the probability of a dual diagnosis (OR [95% CI] = 0.927 [0.891, 0.965]; p &lt; 0.001) and problematic video game use (OR [95% CI] = 0.968 [0.945, 0.992]; p = 0.009). Regarding academic performance, bad school grades increased the probability of a dual diagnosis. In summary, male gender, certain personality traits, poor communication, and poor affective family dynamics should be interpreted as red flags that indicate an increased risk of a dual diagnosis in adolescents, which could require early intervention through specific detection programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12081110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T21:05:51Z","timestamp":1661115951000},"page":"1110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Dual Diagnosis in Adolescents with Problematic Use of Video Games: Beyond Substances"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Arturo","family":"Esteve","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castell\u00f3, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9001-518X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Jovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castell\u00f3, Spain"},{"name":"Mental Health Department, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial of Castell\u00f3, 12002 Castell\u00f3, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0785-3570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Benito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castell\u00f3, Spain"},{"name":"Torrent Mental Health Unit, Hospital General Universitario of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0676-2992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abel","family":"Baquero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castell\u00f3, Spain"},{"name":"Foundation Amig\u00f3, 12006 Castell\u00f3, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1299-9611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Haro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castell\u00f3, Spain"},{"name":"Mental Health Department, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial of Castell\u00f3, 12002 Castell\u00f3, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3623-9801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesc","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castell\u00f3, Spain"},{"name":"Mental Health Department, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial of Castell\u00f3, 12002 Castell\u00f3, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"334","article-title":"Neurocognitive anomalies associated with the binge drinking pattern of alcohol consumption in adolescents and young people: A review","volume":"26","author":"Mota","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adicciones"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2018). 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