{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T20:22:43Z","timestamp":1770754963584,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]],"date-time":"2022-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ependymomas are commonly classified as low-grade tumors, although they may harbor a malignant behavior characterized by distant neural dissemination and spinal drop metastasis. Extra-CNS ependymoma metastases are extremely rare and only few cases have been reported in the lung, lymph nodes, pleura, mediastinum, liver, bone, and diaphragmatic, abdominal, and pelvic muscles. A review of the literature yielded 14 other case reports metastasizing outside the central nervous system, but to our knowledge, no studies describe metastasis in the paravertebral muscles. Herein, we report the case of a 39-year-old patient with a paraspinal muscles metastasis from a myxopapillary ependymoma. The neoplasm was surgically excised and histologically and molecularly analyzed. Both the analyses were consistent with the diagnosis of muscle metastases of myxopapillary ependymoma. The here-presented case report is first case in the literature of a paraspinal muscles metastasis of myxopapillary ependymoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12091227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T20:52:25Z","timestamp":1663015945000},"page":"1227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Extra-Neural Metastases of Late Recurrent Myxopapillary Ependymoma to Left Lumbar Paravertebral Muscles: Case Report and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8803-3661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciro","family":"Mastantuoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Dental Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, A.O.U. Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Tortora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, A.O.U. Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Tafuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Dental Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, A.O.U. Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4745-3061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Tortora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, A.O.U. Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Briganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, A.O.U. Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raduan Ahmed","family":"Franca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, A.O.U. Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Della Monica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, A.O.U. Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariella","family":"Cuomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, A.O.U. Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Chiariotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, A.O.U. Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1051-5924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felice","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Dental Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, A.O.U. Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Somma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Dental Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, A.O.U. Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1482.34689","article-title":"Extraneural metastases in anaplastic ependymoma","volume":"3","author":"Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073809339212","article-title":"Ependymoma: An Update","volume":"24","author":"Zacharoulis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2009.03.018","article-title":"Relapsed intracranial ependymoma in children in the UK: Patterns of relapse, survival and therapeutic outcome","volume":"45","author":"Messahel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. 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