{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T20:05:27Z","timestamp":1762113927599,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,25]],"date-time":"2022-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This pilot study investigates the neurophysiological patterns of visual and auditory verbal working memory (VWM) in unilateral cochlear implant users (UCIs). We compared the task-related electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectral density of 7- to 13-year-old UCIs (n = 7) with a hearing control group (HC, n = 10) during the execution of a three-level n-back task with auditory and visual verbal (letters) stimuli. Performances improved as memory load decreased regardless of sensory modality (SM) and group factors. Theta EEG activation over the frontal area was proportionally influenced by task level; the left hemisphere (LH) showed greater activation in the gamma band, suggesting lateralization of VWM function regardless of SM. However, HCs showed stronger activation patterns in the LH than UCIs regardless of SM and in the parietal area (PA) during the most challenging audio condition. Linear regressions for gamma activation in the PA suggest the presence of a pattern-supporting auditory VWM only in HCs. Our findings seem to recognize gamma activation in the PA as the signature of effective auditory VWM. These results, although preliminary, highlight this EEG pattern as a possible cause of the variability found in VWM outcomes in deaf children, opening up new possibilities for interdisciplinary research and rehabilitation intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12101291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,25]],"date-time":"2022-09-25T21:14:28Z","timestamp":1664140468000},"page":"1291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Gamma-Band Modulation in Parietal Area as the Electroencephalographic Signature for Performance in Auditory\u2013Verbal Working Memory: An Exploratory Pilot Study in Hearing and Unilateral Cochlear Implant Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6983-0219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca Maria Serena","family":"Inguscio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 31, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"BrainSigns Srl, Lungotevere Michelangelo, 9, 00192 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 30, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Cartocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BrainSigns Srl, Lungotevere Michelangelo, 9, 00192 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolina","family":"Sciaraffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BrainSigns Srl, Lungotevere Michelangelo, 9, 00192 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Nicastri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 31, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Giallini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 31, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 31, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4962-176X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Babiloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BrainSigns Srl, Lungotevere Michelangelo, 9, 00192 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0982-0905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrizia","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 31, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.10032","article-title":"The importance of rapid auditory processing abilities to early language development: Evidence from converging methodologies","volume":"40","author":"Benasich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev. 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