{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T21:31:34Z","timestamp":1774906294439,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIA\/NIH","award":["U24 AG072122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 AG072122"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aiming to examine whether specific motor signs are associated with worse performance in specific cognitive domains among cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the baseline evaluations of older, CU participants from the National Alzheimer\u2019s Coordinating Center (NACC) Uniform Data Set. In total, 8149 CU (\u226560 years) participants were included. Of these, 905 individuals scored \u2265 2 on at least one of the motor domains of the Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRSIII). Cognitively impaired individuals, participants with psychiatric disorders and\/or under treatment with antipsychotic, anxiolytic, sedative or hypnotic agents were excluded. Nine motor signs were examined: hypophonia, masked facies, resting tremor, action\/postural tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, impaired chair rise, impaired posture\/gait and postural instability. Their association with performance on episodic memory, semantic memory, language, attention, processing speed or executive function was assessed using crude and adjusted linear regression models. Individuals with impaired chair rise had worse episodic memory, semantic memory, processing speed and executive function, while those with bradykinesia had worse language, processing speed and executive function. Sensitivity analyses, by excluding participants with cerebrovascular disease or PD, or other Parkinsonism, produced similar results with the exception of the relationship between bradykinesia and language performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12101365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T20:43:21Z","timestamp":1665261801000},"page":"1365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Association between Motor Signs and Cognitive Performance in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the NACC Database"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Siokas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2958-5220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Liampas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constantine G.","family":"Lyketsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2957-641X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Efthimios","family":"Dardiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2011.05.005","article-title":"Neuroimaging markers for the prediction and early diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia","volume":"34","author":"Ewers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2013.01.006","article-title":"The association of neuropsychiatric sym toms in MCI with incident dementia and Alzheimer disease","volume":"21","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. 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