{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:36:34Z","timestamp":1789605394194,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006606","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21JCYBJC00450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21JCYBJC00450"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Our objective is to analyze the difference of microelectrode recording (MER) during awake and asleep subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) for Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) and the necessity of MER during \u201cAsleep DBS\u201d under general anesthesia (GA). The differences in MER, target accuracy, and prognosis under different anesthesia methods were analyzed. Additionally, the MER length was compared with the postoperative electrode length by electrode reconstruction and measurement. The MER length of two groups was 5.48 \u00b1 1.39 mm in the local anesthesia (LA) group and 4.38 \u00b1 1.43 mm in the GA group, with a statistical significance between the two groups (p &lt; 0.01). The MER length of the LA group was longer than its postoperative electrode length (p &lt; 0.01), however, there was no significant difference between the MER length and postoperative electrode length in the GA group (p = 0.61). There were also no significant differences in the postoperative electrode length, target accuracy, and postoperative primary and secondary outcome scores between the two groups (p &gt; 0.05). These results demonstrate that \u201cAsleep DBS\u201d under GA is comparable to \u201cAwake DBS\u201d under LA. GA has influences on MER during surgery, but typical STN discharges can still be recorded. MER is not an unnecessary surgical procedure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12111469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T23:45:00Z","timestamp":1667087100000},"page":"1469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Clinical Study of Intraoperative Microelectrode Recordings during Awake and Asleep Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0408-1090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guang-Rui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Lu\u2019an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu\u2019an 237000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Feng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke-Ke","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Gang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Zhang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shao-Ya","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.3299","article-title":"The Parkinson Pandemic-A Call to Action","volume":"75","author":"Dorsey","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694747","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.694747","article-title":"New Frontiers for Deep Brain Stimulation: Directionality, Sensing Technologies, Remote Programming, Robotic Stereotactic Assistance, Asleep Procedures, and Connectomics","volume":"12","author":"Merola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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