{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T02:21:07Z","timestamp":1785896467736,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82160326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82160326"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61966023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61966023"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81960309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81960309"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["21JR7RA438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21JR7RA438"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2016-RC-53"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-RC-53"]}]},{"name":"Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging","award":["82160326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82160326"]}]},{"name":"Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging","award":["61966023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61966023"]}]},{"name":"Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging","award":["81960309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81960309"]}]},{"name":"Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging","award":["21JR7RA438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21JR7RA438"]}]},{"name":"Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging","award":["2016-RC-53"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-RC-53"]}]},{"name":"Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Lanzhou","award":["82160326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82160326"]}]},{"name":"Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Lanzhou","award":["61966023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61966023"]}]},{"name":"Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Lanzhou","award":["81960309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81960309"]}]},{"name":"Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Lanzhou","award":["21JR7RA438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21JR7RA438"]}]},{"name":"Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Lanzhou","award":["2016-RC-53"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-RC-53"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Objective: Resting-state fMRI studies have indicated that juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) could cause widespread functional connectivity disruptions between the cerebrum and cerebellum. However, the directed influences or effective connectivities (ECs) between these brain regions are poorly understood. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the ECs between the cerebrum and cerebellum in patients with new-onset JME. (2) Methods: Thirty-four new-onset JME patients and thirty-four age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. We compared the degree centrality (DC) between the two groups to identify intergroup differences in whole-brain functional connectivity. Then, we used a Granger causality analysis (GCA) to explore JME-caused changes in EC between cerebrum regions and cerebellum regions. Furthermore, we applied a correlation analysis to identify associations between aberrant EC and disease severity in patients with JME. (3) Results: Compared to HCs, patients with JME showed significantly increased DC in the left cerebellum posterior lobe (CePL.L), the right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG.R) and the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG.R), and decreased DC in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG.L) and the left superior temporal gyrus (STG.L). The patients also showed unidirectionally increased ECs from cerebellum regions to the cerebrum regions, including from the CePL.L to the right precuneus (PreCU.R), from the left cerebellum anterior lobe (CeAL.L) to the ITG.R, from the right cerebellum posterior lobe (CePL.R) to the IFG.L, and from the left inferior semi-lunar lobule of the cerebellum (CeISL.L) to the SFG.R. Additionally, the EC from the CeISL.L to the SFG.R was negatively correlated with the disease severity. (4) Conclusions: JME patients showed unidirectional EC disruptions from the cerebellum to the cerebrum, and the negative correlation between EC and disease severity provides a new perspective for understanding the cerebro-cerebellar neural circuit mechanisms in JME.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12121658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T02:56:26Z","timestamp":1670208986000},"page":"1658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Altered Cerebro-Cerebellar Effective Connectivity in New-Onset Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Laiyang","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangyao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanli","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China"},{"name":"Institute of Brain Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China"},{"name":"Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13079","article-title":"Structural and functional connectivity in newly diagnosed juvenile myoclonic epilepsy","volume":"139","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. 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