{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:38:50Z","timestamp":1762079930479,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25NS06574309","R21NS109627","DP2HD101400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25NS06574309","R21NS109627","DP2HD101400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIH Director\u2019s Office","award":["R25NS06574309","R21NS109627","DP2HD101400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25NS06574309","R21NS109627","DP2HD101400"]}]},{"name":"James S. McDonnell Foundation","award":["R25NS06574309","R21NS109627","DP2HD101400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25NS06574309","R21NS109627","DP2HD101400"]}]},{"name":"Tiny Blue Dot Foundation","award":["R25NS06574309","R21NS109627","DP2HD101400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25NS06574309","R21NS109627","DP2HD101400"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has shown elevations in the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal associated with, but insensitive for, seizure. Rather than evaluating absolute BOLD signal elevations, assessing rhythmic oscillations in the BOLD signal with fMRI may improve the accuracy of seizure mapping. We report a case of a patient with non-convulsive, right hemispheric seizures who underwent fMRI. Unbiased processing methods revealed a map of rhythmically oscillating BOLD signal over the cortical region affected by seizure, and synchronous BOLD signal in the contralateral cerebellum. High-resolution fMRI may help identify the spatial topography of seizure and provide insights into seizure physiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12121710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T01:56:06Z","timestamp":1670896566000},"page":"1710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ictal fMRI: Mapping Seizure Topography with Rhythmic BOLD Oscillations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8181-0643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Fischer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Otto","family":"Rapalino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0347-8531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Fecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7235-8456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian L.","family":"Edlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA"},{"name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.04.005","article-title":"Neuromodulation techniques for status epilepticus: A review","volume":"12","author":"Carranza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00701","article-title":"Epileptic seizure detection and experimental treatment: A review","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21448","article-title":"Mapping hemodynamic correlates of seizures using fMRI: A review","volume":"34","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2011.0405","article-title":"Focal seizure propagation illustrated by fMRI","volume":"13","author":"Sonmezturk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1073","article-title":"Simultaneous EEG-correlated ictal fMRI","volume":"16","author":"Merschhemke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01737.x","article-title":"Imaging seizure activity: A combined EEG\/EMG-fMRI study in reading epilepsy","volume":"50","author":"Mayer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.03.059","article-title":"Identifying the structures involved in seizure generation using sequential analysis of ictal-fMRI data","volume":"47","author":"Donaire","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.009","article-title":"Cortical and subcortical contributions to absence seizure onset examined with EEG\/fMRI","volume":"18","author":"Szaflarski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.03.010","article-title":"Mapping human preictal and ictal haemodynamic networks using simultaneous intracranial EEG-fMRI","volume":"11","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12329","article-title":"Ictal EEG-fMRI in localization of epileptogenic area in patients with refractory neocortical focal epilepsy","volume":"54","author":"Maestro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-012-0225-2","article-title":"Parcel-based connectivity analysis of fMRI data for the study of epileptic seizure propagation","volume":"25","author":"Tana","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Topogr."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2558","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16695","article-title":"Dynamic analysis of fMRI activation during epileptic spikes can help identify the seizure origin","volume":"61","author":"Kowalczyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.05.053","article-title":"Dynamic Causal Modelling of epileptic seizure propagation pathways: A combined EEG-fMRI study","volume":"62","author":"Murta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2016.09.010","article-title":"Pre-ictal BOLD alterations: Two cases of patients with focal epilepsy","volume":"127","author":"Vinette","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-018-0921-4","article-title":"Crossed cerebellar hyperperfusion in patients with seizure-related cerebral cortical lesions: An evaluation with arterial spin labelling perfusion MR imaging","volume":"123","author":"Won","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25838","article-title":"Intact brain network function in an unresponsive patient with COVID-19","volume":"88","author":"Fischer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2012.0073","article-title":"Conn: A functional connectivity toolbox for correlated and anticorrelated brain networks","volume":"2","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Connect."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2018.05.004","article-title":"Functional networks reemerge during recovery of consciousness after acute severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"106","author":"Threlkeld","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042","article-title":"A component based noise correction method (CompCor) for BOLD and perfusion based fMRI","volume":"37","author":"Behzadi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01433.x","article-title":"Cerebellar changes in partial seizures: Clinical correlations of quantitative SPECT and MRI analysis","volume":"39","author":"Bohnen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2008.07.004","article-title":"Frequency and patterns of MRI abnormalities due to status epilepticus","volume":"18","author":"Milligan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14052","article-title":"Seizure detection using scalp-EEG","volume":"59","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaat7603","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aat7603","article-title":"Human consciousness is supported by dynamic complex patterns of brain signal coordination","volume":"5","author":"Demertzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."}],"container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/12\/12\/1710\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:40:09Z","timestamp":1760146809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/12\/12\/1710"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["brainsci12121710"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci12121710","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3425"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-3425"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]}}}