{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:59:04Z","timestamp":1792803544447,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81701062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81701062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YXK013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YXK013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YXK049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YXK049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Clinical Discipline Innovation Project of Changhai Hospital of Naval Medical University","award":["81701062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81701062"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02bjs0p66","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Clinical Discipline Innovation Project of Changhai Hospital of Naval Medical University","award":["2020YXK013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YXK013"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02bjs0p66","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Clinical Discipline Innovation Project of Changhai Hospital of Naval Medical University","award":["2019YXK049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YXK049"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02bjs0p66","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Climax Project of Changhai Hospital","award":["81701062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81701062"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02bjs0p66","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Climax Project of Changhai Hospital","award":["2020YXK013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YXK013"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02bjs0p66","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Climax Project of Changhai Hospital","award":["2019YXK049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YXK049"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02bjs0p66","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) is associated with perioperative complications and mortality. Data on the risk factors for delirium after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) surgery is not clarified in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) patients receiving total intravenous anesthesia. We aimed to investigate the risk factors for delirium after STN-DBS surgery in PD patients. Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted, including 131 PD patients who underwent STN-DBS for the first time under total intravenous anesthesia from January to December 2021. Delirium assessments were performed twice daily for 7 days after surgery or until hospital discharge using the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factor of POD. Results: In total, 22 (16.8%) of 131 patients were in the POD group, while the other 109 patients were in the Non-POD group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative Mini-mental State Examination score [odds ratio = 0.855, 95% confidence interval = 0.768\u20130.951, p = 0.004] and unified Parkinson\u2019s disease rating scale part 3 (on state) score (odds ratio = 1.061, 95% confidence interval = 1.02\u20131.104, p = 0.003) were independently associated with delirium after surgery. Conclusions: In this retrospective cohort study of PD patients, a lower Mini-mental State Examination score and a higher unified Parkinson\u2019s disease rating scale part 3 (on state) score were the independent risk factors for delirium after STN-DBS surgery in PD patients under total intravenous anesthesia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13010025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T02:36:46Z","timestamp":1671763006000},"page":"25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Risk Factors for Delirium after Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery under Total Intravenous Anesthesia in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0000-2546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenbin","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinning","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6787-1837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lulong","family":"Bo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqing","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0536-4175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 201 Presidents\u2019 Cir, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1248-3420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiya","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai 200434, China"},{"name":"Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"992","article-title":"Spinal Anesthesia with Targeted Sedation based on Bispectral Index Values Compared with General Anesthesia with Masked Bispectral Index Values to Reduce Delirium: The SHARP Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"135","author":"Brown","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.22647","article-title":"Effect of Regional vs General Anesthesia on Incidence of Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients Undergoing Hip Fracture Surgery: The RAGA Randomized Trial","volume":"327","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2020.211","article-title":"A Pragmatic Approach to the Perioperative Management of Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"48","author":"Lenka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can. 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