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The mentalizing network represents introspection, and successful conversation is characterized by alignment through imitation mediated by the mirror neuron system (MNS). Therefore, we hypothesized that the interaction between the mentalizing network and MNS mediates the conversational exchange of introspection. To test this, we performed hyperscanning functional magnetic resonance imaging during structured real-time conversations between 19 pairs of healthy participants. The participants first evaluated their preference for and familiarity with a presented object and then disclosed it. The control was the object feature identification task. When contrasted with the control, the preference\/familiarity evaluation phase activated the dorso-medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, left hippocampus, right cerebellum, and orbital portion of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), which represents introspection. The left IFG was activated when the two participants\u2019 statements of introspection were mismatched during the disclosure. Disclosing introspection enhanced the functional connectivity of the left IFG with the bilateral superior temporal gyrus and primary motor cortex, representing the auditory MNS. Thus, the mentalizing system and MNS are hierarchically linked in the left IFG during a conversation, allowing for the sharing of introspection of the self and others.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13010111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T01:36:17Z","timestamp":1673228177000},"page":"111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Role of the Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus in Introspection during Verbal Communication"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ayumi","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan"},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan"},{"name":"Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroki C.","family":"Tanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eri","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Motofumi","family":"Sumiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7778-2173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiko","family":"Koike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9786-3907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norihiro","family":"Sadato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan"},{"name":"Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X05000129","article-title":"Understanding and Sharing Intentions: The Origins of Cultural Cognition","volume":"28","author":"Tomasello","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav. 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