{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T19:31:24Z","timestamp":1790969484148,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]],"date-time":"2023-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["ZI 469\/15-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZI 469\/15-1"]}]},{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["15-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15-2"]}]},{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["AC 55\/10-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AC 55\/10-1"]}]},{"name":"German National Academic Foundation","award":["ZI 469\/15-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZI 469\/15-1"]}]},{"name":"German National Academic Foundation","award":["15-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15-2"]}]},{"name":"German National Academic Foundation","award":["AC 55\/10-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AC 55\/10-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nonspeech (or paraspeech) parameters are widely used in clinical assessment of speech impairment in persons with dysarthria (PWD). Virtually every standard clinical instrument used in dysarthria diagnostics includes nonspeech parameters, often in considerable numbers. While theoretical considerations have challenged the validity of these measures as markers of speech impairment, only a few studies have directly examined their relationship to speech parameters on a broader scale. This study was designed to investigate how nonspeech parameters commonly used in clinical dysarthria assessment relate to speech characteristics of dysarthria in individuals with movement disorders. Maximum syllable repetition rates, accuracies, and rates of isolated and repetitive nonspeech oral\u2013facial movements and maximum phonation times were compared with auditory\u2013perceptual and acoustic speech parameters. Overall, 23 diagnostic parameters were assessed in a sample of 130 patients with movement disorders of six etiologies. Each variable was standardized for its distribution and for age and sex effects in 130 neurotypical speakers. Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used to examine the factor structure underlying the diagnostic parameters. In the first analysis, we tested the hypothesis that nonspeech parameters combine with speech parameters within diagnostic dimensions representing domain\u2013general motor control principles. In a second analysis, we tested the more specific hypotheses that diagnostic parameters split along effector (lip vs. tongue) or functional (speed vs. accuracy) rather than task boundaries. Our findings contradict the view that nonspeech parameters currently used in dysarthria diagnostics are congruent with diagnostic measures of speech characteristics in PWD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13010113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T01:36:17Z","timestamp":1673228177000},"page":"113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Speech and Nonspeech Parameters in the Clinical Assessment of Dysarthria: A Dimensional Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5760-1232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfram","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group (EKN), Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80799 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Sch\u00f6lderle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group (EKN), Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80799 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Brendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neurophysiology & Interventional Neuropsychiatry, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Risch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group (EKN), Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80799 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Felber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group (EKN), Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80799 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Ott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Klinikum Gro\u00dfhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Goldenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Neuropsychology, City Hospital Munich Bogenhausen, 81925 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Neuropsychology, City Hospital Munich Bogenhausen, 81925 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"B\u00f6tzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Klinikum Gro\u00dfhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Zettl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Clinic and Outpatient Clinic IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Lorenzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Neurology, Hospital Agatharied, 83734 Hausham, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9e","family":"Lampe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Orthopedic Department, Research Unit for Pediatric Neuroorthopedics and Cerebral Palsy of the Buhl-Strohmaier Foundation, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Strecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Logopedics, Stiftung ICP Munich, Center for Cerebral Palsy, 81377 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2280-7273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthis","family":"Synofzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), and Center for Neurology, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Lindig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Ackermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Staiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group (EKN), Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80799 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Duffy, J.R. 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