{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:38Z","timestamp":1787702438648,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To evaluate the potential of the first-trimester ultrasound (US) features for the detection of central nervous system (CNS) anomalies. Methods\/Methodology: This is a prospective one-center three-year study. Unselected singleton pregnant women were examined using an extended first-trimester anomaly scan (FTAS) that included the CNS assessment: the calvaria shape, the septum (falx cerebri), the aspect of the lateral ventricles, the presence of the third ventricle and aqueduct of Sylvius (AS) and the posterior brain morphometry: the fourth ventricle, namely intracranial translucency (IT), brain stem\/brain stem\u2013occipital bone ratio (BS\/BSOB) and cisterna magna (CM). The spine and underlying skin were also evaluated. The cases were also followed during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and at delivery. FTAS efficiency to detect major CNS abnormalities was calculated. Results: We detected 17 cases with CNS major abnormalities in a population of 1943 first-trimester (FT) fetuses, including spina bifida with myelomeningocele, exencephaly-anencephaly, holoprosencephaly, hydrocephaly, cephalocele and Dandy-Walker malformation. The CNS features in the abnormal group are presented. In the second trimester (ST), we further diagnosed cases of corpus callosum agenesis, cerebellar hypoplasia, vein of Galen aneurysm and fetal infection features (ventriculomegaly, intraventricular bands, intraventricular cyst and hyperechoic foci), all declared normal at the FTAS. During the third trimester (TT) scan we identified a massive fetal cerebral haemorrhage absent at previous investigations. We report a detection rate of 72.7% of fetal brain anomalies in the FT using the proposed CNS parameters. The sensitivity of the examination protocol was 72.7%, and the specificity was 100%. Conclusion: A detailed FT CNS scan is feasible and efficient. The majority of cases of major CNS abnormalities can be detected early in pregnancy. The visualization rates of the CNS parameters in the FT are great with short, if any, additional investigation time. FT cerebral disorders such as haemorrhage or infections were missed in the FT even when an extended evaluation protocol was used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13010118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T01:30:47Z","timestamp":1673314247000},"page":"118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["First Trimester Ultrasound Detection of Fetal Central Nervous System Anomalies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Delia Roxana","family":"Ungureanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6815-4581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxana Cristina","family":"Dr\u0103gu\u0219in","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u0103zvan Grigora\u0219","family":"C\u0103pit\u0103nescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2358-7866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucian","family":"Zoril\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3631-9107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anca Maria Istrate","family":"Ofi\u021beru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Marina\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciprian Lauren\u021biu","family":"P\u0103tru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandru Cristian","family":"Com\u0103nescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Com\u0103nescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ovidiu Costinel","family":"S\u00eerbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria-Sidonia","family":"Vrabie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Filantropia County Hospital, 200143 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena Anda","family":"Dijm\u0103rescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Filantropia County Hospital, 200143 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana","family":"Strea\u021b\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Genomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania"},{"name":"Regional Centre of Medical Genetics Dolj, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florin","family":"Burada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Genomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania"},{"name":"Regional Centre of Medical Genetics Dolj, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai","family":"Ioana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Genomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania"},{"name":"Regional Centre of Medical Genetics Dolj, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice Nicoleta","family":"Dr\u0103goescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7823-3387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic Gabriel","family":"Iliescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"CNS Abnormalities at 11\u201314 Weeks","volume":"3","author":"Iliescu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neonatal Pediatr. 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