{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:46:32Z","timestamp":1790815592487,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82170820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170820"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018ZDXM-SF-038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZDXM-SF-038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YXM-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YXM-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province of China","award":["82170820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170820"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province of China","award":["2018ZDXM-SF-038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZDXM-SF-038"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province of China","award":["2020YXM-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YXM-04"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial People\u2019s Hospital Technological Development Incubation Foundation of China","award":["82170820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170820"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial People\u2019s Hospital Technological Development Incubation Foundation of China","award":["2018ZDXM-SF-038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZDXM-SF-038"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial People\u2019s Hospital Technological Development Incubation Foundation of China","award":["2020YXM-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YXM-04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although disturbed functional connectivity is known to be a factor influencing cognitive impairment, the neuropathological mechanisms underlying the cognitive impairment caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain unclear. To characterize the neural mechanisms underlying T2DM-related brain damage, we explored the altered functional architecture patterns in different cognitive states in T2DM patients. Thirty-seven T2DM patients with normal cognitive function (DMCN), 40 T2DM patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (DMCI), and 40 healthy controls underwent neuropsychological assessments and resting-state functional MRI examinations. Functional connectivity density (FCD) analysis was performed, and the relationship between abnormal FCD and clinical\/cognitive variables was assessed. The regions showing abnormal FCD in T2DM patients were mainly located in the temporal lobe and cerebellum, but the abnormal functional architecture was more extensive in DMCI patients. Moreover, in comparison with the DMCN group, DMCI patients showed reduced long-range FCD in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG), which was correlated with the Rey auditory verbal learning test score in all T2DM patients. Thus, DMCI patients show functional architecture abnormalities in more brain regions involved in higher-level cognitive function (executive function and auditory memory function), and the left STG may be involved in the neuropathology of auditory memory in T2DM patients. These findings provide some new insights into understanding the neural mechanisms underlying T2DM-related cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13010144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T01:31:15Z","timestamp":1673832675000},"page":"144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Altered Functional Connectivity Density in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Xi\u2019an 710068, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shasha","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Xi\u2019an 710068, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Xi\u2019an 710068, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Xi\u2019an 710068, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weirui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Xi\u2019an 710068, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Xi\u2019an 710068, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Xi\u2019an 710068, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of MRI, Shaanxi Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Xi\u2019an 710068, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.02.023","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045","volume":"138","author":"Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. 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