{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T19:34:09Z","timestamp":1792956849859,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007771","name":"Medical University of Silesia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PCN-2-056\/N\/0\/K"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCN-2-056\/N\/0\/K"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007771","name":"Medical University of Silesia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KNW-1-161\/N\/9\/K"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KNW-1-161\/N\/9\/K"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) belongs to the family of neurotrophins, which are growth factors with trophic effects on neurons. BDNF is the most widely distributed neurotrophin in the central nervous system (CNS) and is highly expressed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. Its distribution outside the CNS has also been demonstrated, but most studies have focused on its effects in neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite the advances in medicine in recent decades, neurological and psychiatric diseases are still characterized by high drug resistance. This review focuses on the use of BDNF in the developmental assessment, treatment monitoring, and pharmacotherapy of selected diseases, with a particular emphasis on epilepsy, depression, anorexia, obesity, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. The limitations of using a molecule with such a wide distribution range and inconsistent method of determination are also highlighted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13020163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T02:04:35Z","timestamp":1674093875000},"page":"163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["The Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in Diagnosis and Treatment of Epilepsy, Depression, Schizophrenia, Anorexia Nervosa and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease as Highly Drug-Resistant Diseases: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4473-6840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Gliwi\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Czubili\u0144ska-\u0141ada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2404-393X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gniewko","family":"Wi\u0119ckiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"\u015awi\u0119tochowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6947-005X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Bade\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Dworak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology with Dialysis Division for Children, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 1, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6772-1983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Szczepa\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/08977190410001723308","article-title":"Mini Review","volume":"22","author":"Binder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2018.09.005","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and epilepsy: A systematic review","volume":"72","author":"Iughetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3295","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1283-6","article-title":"Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Brain Disorders: Focus on Neuroinflammation","volume":"56","author":"Giacobbo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. 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