{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:00:36Z","timestamp":1793037636765,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20K16108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K16108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K06792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K06792"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K02092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K02092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K15355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K15355"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Yamaguchi University School of Medicine","award":["20K16108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K16108"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03cxys317","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Yamaguchi University School of Medicine","award":["22K06792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K06792"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03cxys317","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Yamaguchi University School of Medicine","award":["22K02092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K02092"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03cxys317","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Yamaguchi University School of Medicine","award":["22K15355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K15355"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03cxys317","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Fujii Setsuro Memorial Foundation","award":["20K16108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K16108"]}]},{"name":"Fujii Setsuro Memorial Foundation","award":["22K06792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K06792"]}]},{"name":"Fujii Setsuro Memorial Foundation","award":["22K02092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K02092"]}]},{"name":"Fujii Setsuro Memorial Foundation","award":["22K15355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K15355"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is a determinant marker for the stigmoid body (STB), a neurocytoplasmic physiological inclusion. STB\/HAP1 enriched areas in the brain\/spinal cord are usually protected from neurodegenerative diseases, whereas the regions with tiny amounts or no STB\/HAP1 are affected. In addition to the brain\/spinal cord, HAP1 is highly expressed in the myenteric\/submucosal plexuses of the enteric nervous system in the gastrointestinal tract. The tongue is attached to the pharynx by the hyoid bone as an extension of the gastrointestinal system. To date, the immunohistochemical distribution and neurochemical characterization of HAP1 have not been elucidated in the lingual ganglia. Using immunohistochemistry and light microscopy, our current study demonstrates the expression and immunohistochemical phenotype of HAP1 in the lingual ganglia of adult mice. We showed that HAP1 was profoundly distributed in the intralingual ganglion (ILG) and the ganglia near the root of the tongue (which we coined as \u201clingual root ganglion\u201d; LRG). Neurons in ILG and LRG exhibited high coexpression of HAP1 with NOS or ChAT. Furthermore, most HAP1-immunoreactive neurons contained SP, CGRP, and VIP immunoreactivity in both ILG and LRG. The current results might serve as an essential base for future studies to elucidate the pathological\/physiological functions of HAP1 in the lingual ganglia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13020258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T02:05:28Z","timestamp":1675389928000},"page":"258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Immunohistochemical Distribution and Neurochemical Characterization of Huntingtin-Associated Protein 1 Immunoreactive Neurons in the Adult Mouse Lingual Ganglia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9054-4807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Nabiul","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yurie","family":"Hiwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1394-1582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abu Md Mamun","family":"Tarif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2022-4995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marya","family":"Afrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8811-8940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirza Mienur","family":"Meher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5543-3423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanako","family":"Nozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koh Hei","family":"Masumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akie","family":"Yanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2867-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mir Rubayet","family":"Jahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4638-5562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koh","family":"Shinoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/378398a0","article-title":"A Huntingtin-Associated Protein Enriched in Brain with Implications for Pathology","volume":"378","author":"Li","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6956","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-17-06956.2003","article-title":"Lack of Huntingtin-Associated Protein-1 Causes Neuronal Death Resembling Hypothalamic Degeneration in 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