{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T08:11:50Z","timestamp":1787991110474,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82160236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82160236"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>No definitive blood markers of DWI-FLAIR mismatch, a pivotal indicator of salvageable ischemic penumbra brain tissue, are known. We previously reported that CDC42 and RHOA are associated with the ischemic penumbra. Here, we investigated whether plasma CDC42 and RHOA are surrogate markers of DWI-FLAIR mismatch. Sixteen cynomolgus macaques (3 as controls and 13 for the stroke model) were included. Guided by digital subtraction angiography (DSA), a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established by occluding the middle cerebral artery (MCA) with a balloon. MRI and neurological deficit scoring were performed to evaluate postinfarction changes. Plasma CDC42 and RHOA levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The stroke model was successfully established in eight monkeys. Based on postinfarction MRI images, experimental animals were divided into a FLAIR (\u2212) group (N = 4) and a FLAIR (+) group (N = 4). Plasma CDC42 in the FLAIR (\u2212) group showed a significant decrease compared with that in the FLAIR (+) group (p &lt; 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed for plasma RHOA. The FLAIR (\u2212) group showed a milder neurological function deficit and a smaller infarct volume than the FLAIR (+) group (p &lt; 0.05). Therefore, plasma CDC42 might be a new surrogate marker for DWI-FLAIR mismatch.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13020287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T01:59:43Z","timestamp":1675907983000},"page":"287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["CDC42 Might Be a Molecular Signature of DWI-FLAIR Mismatch in a Nonhuman Primate Stroke Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Haiping","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengwei","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziming","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingqun","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangren","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyun","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cilan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyu","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3094-3021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingli","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70192-2","article-title":"DWI-FLAIR mismatch for the identification of patients with acute ischaemic stroke within 4,5 h of symptom onset (PRE-FLAIR): A multicentre observational study","volume":"10","author":"Thomalla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804355","article-title":"MRI-Guided Thrombolysis for Stroke with Unknown Time 8 of Onset","volume":"379","author":"Thomalla","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. 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