{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T19:24:51Z","timestamp":1785439491985,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2016-05546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2016-05546"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2017-05282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2017-05282"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Canadian Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund","award":["RGPIN-2016-05546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2016-05546"]}]},{"name":"the Canadian Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund","award":["RGPIN-2017-05282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2017-05282"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, where differences are often present relating to the performance of motor skills. Our previous work elucidated unique event-related potential patterns of neural activity in those with ADHD when performing visuomotor and force-matching motor paradigms. The purpose of the current study was to identify whether there were unique neural sources related to somatosensory function and motor performance in those with ADHD. Source localization (sLORETA) software identified areas where neural activity differed between those with ADHD and neurotypical controls when performing a visuomotor tracing task and force-matching task. Median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were elicited, while whole-head electroencephalography (EEG) was performed. sLORETA localized greater neural activity post-FMT in those with ADHD, when compared with their baseline activity (p &lt; 0.05). Specifically, greater activity was exhibited in BA 31, precuneus, parietal lobe (MNI coordinates: X = \u22125, Y = \u221275, and Z = 20) at 156 ms post stimulation. No significant differences were found for any other comparisons. Increased activity within BA 31 in those with ADHD at post-FMT measures may reflect increased activation within the default mode network (DMN) or attentional changes, suggesting a unique neural response to the sensory processing of force and proprioceptive afferent input in those with ADHD when performing motor skills. This may have important functional implications for motor tasks dependent on similar proprioceptive afferent input.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13020370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T02:07:44Z","timestamp":1676945264000},"page":"370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Source Localization of Somatosensory Neural Generators in Adults with Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Heather S.","family":"McCracken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Technology, University of Ontario, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9832-5740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernadette A.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Technology, University of Ontario, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1972-030X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ushani","family":"Ambalavanar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Technology, University of Ontario, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl M.","family":"Glazebrook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada"},{"name":"Health, Leisure and Human Performance Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul C.","family":"Yielder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Technology, University of Ontario, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.09.001","article-title":"Trends in the parent-report of health care provider-diagnosed and medicated attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: United States, 2003\u20132011","volume":"53","author":"Visser","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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