{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T18:13:57Z","timestamp":1780424037110,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]],"date-time":"2023-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The complication rate of stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG) is generally low, but various types of postoperative hemorrhage have been reported. We presented an unusual hemorrhagic complication after SEEG placement. A 20-year-old man presented with suspected frontal lobe epilepsy. We implanted 11 SEEG electrodes in the bilateral frontal lobes and the left insula. Computed tomography after implantation showed intraparenchymal hemorrhage in the left temporal lobe and insula and subarachnoid hemorrhage in the left Sylvian cistern. Later, the point of vessel injury was revealed from the identification of a pseudoaneurysm, but this location was not along the planned or actual electrode trajectory. The cause of hemorrhage was suggested to be indirect injury from stretching of the arachnoid trabeculae by the puncture needle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13030440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T03:22:05Z","timestamp":1678072925000},"page":"440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Intraparenchymal and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Stereotactic Electroencephalography Caused by Indirect Adjacent Arterial Injury: Illustrative Case"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6422-4140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takehiro","family":"Uda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saya","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vich","family":"Yindeedej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Thammasat University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noboru","family":"Ishino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Ichinose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hironori","family":"Arima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Sakuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeo","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.7.JNS132306","article-title":"The stereotactic approach for mapping epileptic networks: A prospective study of 200 patients","volume":"121","author":"Serletis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000249","article-title":"Implantation of Stereoelectroencephalography Electrodes: A Systematic Review","volume":"33","author":"Cardinale","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2016.04.006","article-title":"The history of invasive EEG evaluation in epilepsy patients","volume":"41","author":"Reif","year":"2016","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2017.11.005","article-title":"French guidelines on stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG)","volume":"48","author":"Isnard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurophysiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.st.2020-0176","article-title":"Technical Aspects of SEEG and Its Interpretation in the Delineation of the Epileptogenic Zone","volume":"60","author":"Khoo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Med. Chir."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14668","article-title":"Risk analysis of hemorrhage in stereo-electroencephalography procedures","volume":"60","author":"McGovern","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13298","article-title":"Is SEEG safe? A systematic review and meta-analysis of stereo-electroencephalography-related complications","volume":"57","author":"Mullin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2176\/jns-nmc.2022-0010","article-title":"Primary Experiences with Robot-assisted Navigation-based Frameless Stereo-electroencephalography: Higher Accuracy than Neuronavigation-guided Manual Adjustment","volume":"62","author":"Kojima","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Med. Chir."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.1.JNS161070","article-title":"Indications, technique, and safety profile of insular stereoelectroencephalography electrode implantation in medically intractable epilepsy","volume":"128","author":"Alomar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.1.PEDS20799","article-title":"Variation in pediatric stereoelectroencephalography practice among pediatric neurosurgeons in the United States: Survey results","volume":"28","author":"Kennedy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afif, A., Chabardes, S., Minotti, L., Kahane, P., and Hoffmann, D. (2008). Safety and usefulness of insular depth electrodes implanted via an oblique approach in patients with epilepsy. Neurosurgery, 62.","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000326037.62337.80"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.10.JNS201843","article-title":"Frame-based and robot-assisted insular stereo-electroencephalography via an anterior or posterior oblique approach","volume":"135","author":"Machetanz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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