{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:14:26Z","timestamp":1792451666774,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project","award":["PNURSP2023R12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2023R12"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Numerous factors can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington\u2019s disease, and multiple sclerosis. Oxidative stress (OS), a fairly common ND symptom, can be caused by more reactive oxygen species being made. In addition, the pathological state of NDs, which includes a high number of protein aggregates, could make chronic inflammation worse by activating microglia. Carotenoids, often known as \u201cCTs\u201d, are pigments that exist naturally and play a vital role in the prevention of several brain illnesses. CTs are organic pigments with major significance in ND prevention. More than 600 CTs have been discovered in nature, and they may be found in a wide variety of creatures. Different forms of CTs are responsible for the red, yellow, and orange pigments seen in many animals and plants. Because of their unique structure, CTs exhibit a wide range of bioactive effects, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The preventive effects of CTs have led researchers to find a strong correlation between CT levels in the body and the avoidance and treatment of several ailments, including NDs. To further understand the connection between OS, neuroinflammation, and NDs, a literature review has been compiled. In addition, we have focused on the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of CTs for the treatment and management of NDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13030457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T03:46:40Z","timestamp":1678333600000},"page":"457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Carotenoids: Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases Remediation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3138-5647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kumaraswamy","family":"Gandla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Chaitanya (Deemed to be University), Hanamakonda 506001, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ancha Kishore","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University, Persiaran Seriemas, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1080-4542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aziz","family":"Unnisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il 55476, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6670-3599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Indu","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Career Point University, Hamirpur 176041, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5594-6229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laliteshwar Pratap","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Narayan Institute of Pharmacy, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Jamuhar, Sasaram 821305, Bihar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahammad Akiful","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Hyderabad 500088, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neelam Laxman","family":"Dashputre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, METs, Institute of Pharmacy Bhujbal Knowledge City, Adgaon, Nashik 422003, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahajan","family":"Baig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Associate, Clinnex, Ahmedabad 380054, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falak A.","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, N.B.S. Institute of Pharmacy, Ausa 413520, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3772-294X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayeen Uddin","family":"Khandaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Almujally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Physics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9709-2754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nissren","family":"Tamam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0830-4706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelmoneim","family":"Sulieman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 422, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6136-9774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharuk L.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, N.B.S. Institute of Pharmacy, Ausa 413520, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3188-2272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Talha Bin","family":"Emran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70097-1","article-title":"Intake of Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and Carotenoids and the Risk of Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"4","author":"Etminan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2017.11.2.114","article-title":"Association of Serum Carotenoid, Retinol, and Tocopherol Concentrations with the Progression of Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. 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