{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:07:23Z","timestamp":1790294843984,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program","award":["2019YFC0121302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC0121302"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program","award":["2019YFC0840707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC0840707"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program","award":["2019YFC0121302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC0121302"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program","award":["2019YFC0840707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC0840707"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tinnitus is an unpleasant symptom characterized by detective hearing without the actual sound input. Despite numerous studies elucidating a variety of pathomechanisms inducing tinnitus, the pathophysiology of tinnitus is not fully understood. The genes that are closely associated with this subtype of the auditory hallucination that could be utilized as potential treatment targets are still unknown. In this study, we explored the transcriptional profile changes of the auditory cortex after noise-induced tinnitus in rats using high throughput sequencing and verification of the detected genes using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Tinnitus models were established by analyzing startle behaviors through gap pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle. Two hundred and fifty-nine differential genes were identified, of which 162 genes were up-regulated and 97 genes were down-regulated. Analysis of the pathway enrichment indicated that the tinnitus group exhibited increased gene expression related to neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington\u2019s disease and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Based on the identified genes, networks of protein\u2013protein interaction were established and five hub genes were identified through degree rank, including Fos, Nr4a1, Nr4a3, Egr2, and Egr3. Therein, the Fos gene ranked first with the highest degree after noise exposure, and may be a potential target for the modulation of noise-induced tinnitus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13040573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T02:03:53Z","timestamp":1680055433000},"page":"573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Transcriptional Profile Changes after Noise-Induced Tinnitus in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2797-6949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinmiao","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanwen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuke","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00036","article-title":"Acoustic Coordinated Reset Neuromodulation: A Systematic Review of a Novel Therapy for Tinnitus","volume":"8","author":"Wegger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. 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