{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T14:57:09Z","timestamp":1776437829268,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["NSFC #82000981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC #82000981"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["No. 2019YFC0840707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2019YFC0840707"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["NSFC #82000981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC #82000981"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["No. 2019YFC0840707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2019YFC0840707"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Sufferers of tinnitus, especially of the prolonged type, frequently suffer from comorbid depression and anxiety. From the perspective of the network model, this comorbidity is thought to be an interacting system of these two symptoms. In our study, we conducted a network analysis of depression and anxiety comorbidity in tinnitus sufferers, aiming to identify the central and bridge symptoms and make informed suggestions for clinical interventions and psychotherapy. Method: A total of 566 tinnitus sufferers were enrolled in our study. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Questionnaire (GAD-7) were selected to evaluate depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively, followed by network analysis to construct the interacting networks. Results: The findings identified six edges of strongest regularized partial correlations in this network. Of these, three were depression symptoms and three were anxiety symptoms. The anxiety symptoms \u201cUnable to control worry\u201d and \u201cRelaxation difficulty\u201d and the depression symptom \u201cFeeling depressed or hopeless\u201d had the highest expected influence centrality. The analysis results also revealed three bridge symptoms: \u201cAfraid something awful might happen\u201d, \u201cFeeling of worthlessness\u201d, and \u201cTrouble concentrating\u201d. As for \u201cSuicidal ideation\u201d, the direct relations between this symptom and \u201cAfraid something awful might happen\u201d and \u201cFeeling depressed or hopeless\u201d were the strongest. Conclusions: The central and bridge symptoms of the interacting network of depression and anxiety symptoms in tinnitus sufferers can be considered a significant transdiagnostic intervention target for the management of this comorbidity. In particular, clinical prevention and psychotherapy should be implemented, targeting the symptoms that have the strongest associations with suicidal ideation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13040583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T04:45:35Z","timestamp":1680151535000},"page":"583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The Comorbidity of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Tinnitus Sufferers: A Network Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0653-8752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuemin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5770-3271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinmiao","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanwen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingcheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingqing","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60142-7","article-title":"Tinnitus","volume":"382","author":"Baguley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.05.009","article-title":"A Systematic Review of the Reporting of Tinnitus Prevalence and Severity","volume":"337","author":"McCormack","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hear. 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