{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T18:55:10Z","timestamp":1781722510162,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>DNA methylation in genes of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal (HPA) axis has been associated with suicide behavior. Through a systematic review, we aimed to evaluate DNA methylation levels of the genes involved in the HPA pathway and their association with suicide behavior. A search of articles was performed using PubMed and Science Direct, EBSCO. The terms included were \u201cDNA methylation\u201d, \u201csuicide\u201d, \u201cepigenetics\u201d, \u201cHPA axis\u201d and \u201csuicide behavior\u201d. This systematic review was performed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Six studies comprising 743 cases and 761 controls were included in this systematic review. The studies included individuals with suicide ideation, suicide attempts or completed suicide and childhood trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or depression. One study reported hypermethylation in GR in childhood trauma, while two studies found hypermethylation of NR3C1 in childhood trauma and major depressive disorder (MDD). Only one study reported hypermethylation in BNDF in people with MDD. FKBP5 was found to be hypermethylated in people with MDD. Another study reported hypermethylation in CRHBP. SKA2 was reported to be hypermethylated in one study and another study found hypomethylated both in populations with PTSD. CRHR1 was found to be hypermethylated in people with MDD, and the last study found hypomethylation in CRH. Our result showed that patients with suicidal behavior showed a DNA methylation state of genes of the HPA axis in association with psychiatric comorbidity and with adverse events. Genes of the HPA axis could play a role in suicidal behavior associated with adverse events and pathologies. As a result, DNA methylation levels, proteins, and genes involved in the HPA axis could be considered for the search for biomarkers for the prevention of suicidal behavior in future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13040584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T04:45:35Z","timestamp":1680151535000},"page":"584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["DNA Methylation of Genes Involved in the HPA Axis in Presence of Suicide Behavior: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Diana Mar\u00eda","family":"Dionisio-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Acad\u00e9mica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez Aut\u00f3noma de Tabasco, Jalpa de M\u00e9ndez 86205, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alma Delia","family":"Genis-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Psiqui\u00e1trico Infantil \u201cJuan N. Navarro\u201d, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Gen\u00f3mica de Enfermedades Psiqui\u00e1tricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14610, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8046-6908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thelma Beatriz","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Acad\u00e9mica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de M\u00e9ndez, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez Aut\u00f3noma de Tabasco, Jalpa de M\u00e9ndez 86205, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8170-8171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Alfonso","family":"Tovilla-Z\u00e1rate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Acad\u00e9mica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez Aut\u00f3noma de Tabasco, Comalcalco 86650, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isela Esther","family":"Juarez-Rojop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Acad\u00e9mica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez Aut\u00f3noma de Tabasco, Jalpa de M\u00e9ndez 86205, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7342-5988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Lilia","family":"L\u00f3pez-Narv\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Chiapas nos une \u201cJes\u00fas Gilberto G\u00f3mez Maza\u201d, Secretar\u00eda de Salud, Tuxtla Guti\u00e9rrez 29045, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1200-2292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yazm\u00edn","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Acad\u00e9mica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de M\u00e9ndez, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez Aut\u00f3noma de Tabasco, Jalpa de M\u00e9ndez 86205, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2494-0067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Humberto","family":"Nicolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Gen\u00f3mica de Enfermedades Psiqui\u00e1tricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14610, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7209-4013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viridiana","family":"Olvera-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Acad\u00e9mica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez Aut\u00f3noma de Tabasco, Jalpa de M\u00e9ndez 86205, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2023, February 03). 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