{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:03:10Z","timestamp":1792069390201,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The topic of this narrative review is mood stabilizers. First, the author\u2019s definition of mood-stabilizing drugs is provided. Second, mood-stabilizing drugs meeting this definition that have been employed until now are described. They can be classified into two generations based on the chronology of their introduction into the psychiatric armamentarium. First-generation mood stabilizers (FGMSs), such as lithium, valproates, and carbamazepine, were introduced in the 1960s and 1970s. Second-generation mood stabilizers (SGMSs) started in 1995, with a discovery of the mood-stabilizing properties of clozapine. The SGMSs include atypical antipsychotics, such as clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, aripiprazole, and risperidone, as well as a new anticonvulsant drug, lamotrigine. Recently, as a candidate for SGMSs, a novel antipsychotic, lurasidone, has been suggested. Several other atypical antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and memantine showed some usefulness in the treatment and prophylaxis of bipolar disorder; however, they do not fully meet the author\u2019s criteria for mood stabilizers. The article presents clinical experiences with mood stabilizers of the first and second generations and with \u201cinsufficient\u201d ones. Further, current suggestions for their use in preventing recurrences of bipolar mood disorder are provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13050741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T12:14:08Z","timestamp":1682943248000},"page":"741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Mood Stabilizers of First and Second Generation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0577-0381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janusz K.","family":"Rybakowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12608","article-title":"Meaningful aspects of the term \u2018mood stabilizer\u2019","volume":"20","author":"Rybakowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1017\/S146114570700795X","article-title":"Two generations of mood stabilizers","volume":"10","author":"Rybakowski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. 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