{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T17:13:33Z","timestamp":1773076413811,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association Research","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association Research","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association Research","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association Research","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association Research","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Society, UK","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Society, UK","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Society, UK","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Society, UK","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Society, UK","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Department of Defense","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Department of Defense","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Department of Defense","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Department of Defense","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Department of Defense","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"National Institute on Aging","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"National Institute on Aging","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"National Institute on Aging","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"National Institute on Aging","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"National Institute on Aging","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"AbbVie, Alzheimer\u2019s Association","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"AbbVie, Alzheimer\u2019s Association","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"AbbVie, Alzheimer\u2019s Association","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"AbbVie, Alzheimer\u2019s Association","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"AbbVie, Alzheimer\u2019s Association","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Drug Discovery Foundation","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Drug Discovery Foundation","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Drug Discovery Foundation","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Drug Discovery Foundation","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Drug Discovery Foundation","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Araclon Biotech","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Araclon Biotech","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Araclon Biotech","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Araclon Biotech","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Araclon Biotech","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"BioClinica, Inc.","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"BioClinica, Inc.","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"BioClinica, Inc.","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"BioClinica, Inc.","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"BioClinica, Inc.","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Biogen","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Biogen","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Biogen","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Biogen","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Biogen","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb Company","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb Company","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb Company","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb Company","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb Company","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"CereSpir, Inc.","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"CereSpir, Inc.","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"CereSpir, Inc.","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"CereSpir, Inc.","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"CereSpir, Inc.","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Cogstate","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Cogstate","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Cogstate","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Cogstate","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Cogstate","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Eisai Inc.","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Eisai Inc.","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Eisai Inc.","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Eisai Inc.","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Eisai Inc.","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"EuroImmun","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"EuroImmun","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"EuroImmun","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"EuroImmun","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"EuroImmun","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Genentech, Inc.","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Genentech, Inc.","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Genentech, Inc.","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Genentech, Inc.","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Genentech, Inc.","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Fujirebio","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Fujirebio","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Fujirebio","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Fujirebio","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Fujirebio","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"GE Healthcare","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"GE Healthcare","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"GE Healthcare","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"GE Healthcare","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"GE Healthcare","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"IXICO Ltd.","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"IXICO Ltd.","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"IXICO Ltd.","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"IXICO Ltd.","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"IXICO Ltd.","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research &amp; Development, LLC.","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research &amp; Development, LLC.","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research &amp; Development, LLC.","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research &amp; Development, LLC.","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research &amp; Development, LLC.","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Johnson &amp; Johnson Pharmaceutical Research &amp; Development LLC.","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Johnson &amp; Johnson Pharmaceutical Research &amp; Development LLC.","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Johnson &amp; Johnson Pharmaceutical Research &amp; Development LLC.","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Johnson &amp; Johnson Pharmaceutical Research &amp; Development LLC.","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Johnson &amp; Johnson Pharmaceutical Research &amp; Development LLC.","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Lumosity","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Lumosity","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Lumosity","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Lumosity","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Lumosity","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Lundbeck","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Lundbeck","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Lundbeck","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Lundbeck","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Lundbeck","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Merck &amp; Co., Inc.","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Merck &amp; Co., Inc.","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Merck &amp; Co., Inc.","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Merck &amp; Co., Inc.","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Merck &amp; Co., Inc.","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC.","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC.","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC.","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC.","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC.","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"NeuroRx Research","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"NeuroRx Research","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"NeuroRx Research","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"NeuroRx Research","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"NeuroRx Research","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Neurotrack Technologies","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Neurotrack Technologies","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Neurotrack Technologies","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Neurotrack Technologies","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Neurotrack Technologies","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Pfizer Inc.","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Pfizer Inc.","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Pfizer Inc.","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Pfizer Inc.","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Pfizer Inc.","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Piramal Imaging","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Piramal Imaging","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Piramal Imaging","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Piramal Imaging","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Piramal Imaging","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Servier","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Servier","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Servier","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Servier","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Servier","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Takeda Pharmaceutical Company","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Takeda Pharmaceutical Company","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Takeda Pharmaceutical Company","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Takeda Pharmaceutical Company","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Takeda Pharmaceutical Company","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Transition Therapeutics","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Transition Therapeutics","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Transition Therapeutics","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Transition Therapeutics","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Transition Therapeutics","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","award":["23AARG-1030190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AARG-1030190"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","award":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-JF-19a-004-517"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","award":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12-2-0012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We explored the methodological value of an item-level scoring procedure applied to the Boston Naming Test (BNT), and the extent to which this scoring approach predicts grey matter (GM) variability in regions that sustain semantic memory. Twenty-seven BNT items administered as part of the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were scored according to their \u201csensorimotor interaction\u201d (SMI) value. Quantitative scores (i.e., the count of correctly named items) and qualitative scores (i.e., the average of SMI scores for correctly named items) were used as independent predictors of neuroanatomical GM maps in two sub-cohorts of 197 healthy adults and 350 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) participants. Quantitative scores predicted clusters of temporal and mediotemporal GM in both sub-cohorts. After accounting for quantitative scores, the qualitative scores predicted mediotemporal GM clusters in the MCI sub-cohort; clusters extended to the anterior parahippocampal gyrus and encompassed the perirhinal cortex. This was confirmed by a significant yet modest association between qualitative scores and region-of-interest-informed perirhinal volumes extracted post hoc. Item-level scoring of BNT performance provides complementary information to standard quantitative scores. The concurrent use of quantitative and qualitative scores may help profile lexical\u2013semantic access more precisely, and might help detect changes in semantic memory that are typical of early-stage Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13050806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T02:37:51Z","timestamp":1684204671000},"page":"806","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Item-Level Scores on the Boston Naming Test as an Independent Predictor of Perirhinal Volume in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Matteo","family":"De Marco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1814-5024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Bocchetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK"},{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annalena","family":"Venneri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561770707110X","article-title":"Neural Substrates of Semantic Memory","volume":"13","author":"Hart","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17637","article-title":"Natural Speech Reveals the Semantic Maps that Tile Human Cerebral Cortex","volume":"532","author":"Huth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp055","article-title":"Where is the Semantic System? A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of 120 Functional Neuroimaging Studies","volume":"19","author":"Binder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.11.017","article-title":"Cerebellum and Semantic Memory: A TMS Study Using the DRM Paradigm","volume":"135","author":"Gatti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.10.008","article-title":"The Neural Basis of Semantic Cognition: Converging Evidence from Neuropsychology, Neuroimaging and TMS","volume":"49","author":"Jefferies","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.150","article-title":"The Neural and Computational Bases of Semantic Cognition","volume":"18","author":"Jefferies","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117444","article-title":"The Neural Correlates of Semantic Control Revisited","volume":"224","author":"Jackson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01121","article-title":"Attention to Distinct Goal-Relevant Features Differentially Guides Semantic Knowledge Retrieval","volume":"29","author":"Hanson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.916708","article-title":"Contributions of the Medial Temporal Lobe to Declarative Memory Retrieval: Manipulating the Amount of Contextual Retrieval","volume":"15","author":"Tendolkar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Learn. Mem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1997.0132","article-title":"Hierarchical Organization of Cognitive Memory","volume":"352","author":"Mishkin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5324.376","article-title":"Differential Effects of Early Hippocampal Pathology on Episodic and Semantic Memory","volume":"277","author":"Gadian","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03710.x","article-title":"The Human Perirhinal Cortex and Semantic Memory","volume":"20","author":"Davies","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.01.015","article-title":"Perirhinal Cortex Tracks Degree of Recent as Well as Cumulative Lifetime Experience with Object Concepts","volume":"89","author":"Duke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.29.051605.113046","article-title":"Visual Perception and Memory: A New View of Medial Temporal Lobe Function in Primates and Rodents","volume":"30","author":"Murray","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e318232a379","article-title":"Stages of the Pathologic Process in Alzheimer Disease: Age Categories from 1 to 100 Years","volume":"70","author":"Braak","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21509","article-title":"Prodromal Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Successive Emergence of the Clinical Symptoms","volume":"64","author":"Amieva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150158","article-title":"Neuropsychological Markers of Medial Perirhinal and Entorhinal Cortex Functioning are Impaired Twelve Years Preceding Diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia","volume":"52","author":"Hirni","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617720000272","article-title":"Combining Cognitive Markers to Identify Individuals at Increased Dementia Risk: Influence of Modifying Factors and Time to Diagnosis","volume":"26","author":"Payton","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.11.001","article-title":"Cortical Thinning of Parahippocampal Subregions in Very Early Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"38","author":"Krumm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2013.09.001","article-title":"The Diffeomorphometry of Temporal Lobe Structures in Preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"3","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm.15.53","article-title":"Paradigm Shift: Semantic Memory Decline as a Biomarker of Preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"10","author":"Venneri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomark. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm-2017-0324","article-title":"Diagnostic and Prognostic Role of Semantic Processing in Preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"12","author":"Venneri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomark. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2015.1004574","article-title":"Verbal Fluency: Language or Executive Function Measure?","volume":"23","author":"Whiteside","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Neuropsychol. Adult"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00772","article-title":"What do Verbal Fluency Tasks Measure? Predictors of Verbal Fluency Performance in Older Adults","volume":"5","author":"Shao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6929","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85981-1","article-title":"Comprehensive Verbal Fluency Features Predict Executive Function Performance","volume":"11","author":"Amunts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152574","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1152574","article-title":"Editorial: The Mechanistic and Clinical Principles of Item-Level Scoring Methods Applied to the Category Fluency Test and Other Tests of Semantic Memory","volume":"14","author":"Quaranta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2007.08.026","article-title":"The Anatomical Bases of Semantic Retrieval Deficits in Early Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"46","author":"Venneri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1080\/17470218.2011.596660","article-title":"Differential Impacts of Age of Acquisition on Letter and Semantic Fluency in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Patients and Healthy Older Adults","volume":"64","author":"Sailor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Q. J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000508","article-title":"Semantic Network Function Captured by Word Frequency in Nondemented APOE \u03b54 Carriers","volume":"33","author":"Vonk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-140570","article-title":"Typicality of Words Produced on a Semantic Fluency Task in Amnesic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Linguistic Analysis and Risk of Conversion to Dementia","volume":"42","author":"Vita","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678588","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.678588","article-title":"Serial Recall Order and Semantic Features of Category Fluency Words to Study Semantic Memory in Normal Ageing","volume":"13","author":"Blackburn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Kaplan, E., Goodglass, H., and Weintraub, S. (1983). The Boston Naming Test, Lea and Febiger."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00022","article-title":"The Neural Correlates of the Body-Object Interaction Effect in Semantic Processing","volume":"6","author":"Hargreaves","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(89)90186-3","article-title":"Boston Naming Test in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"27","author":"Williams","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(86)90008-9","article-title":"Predictive Value of the Boston Naming Test in Mild Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer\u2019s Type","volume":"19","author":"Knesevich","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2007.06.008","article-title":"Boston Naming Performance Distinguishes Between Lewy Body and Alzheimer\u2019s Dementias","volume":"22","author":"Williams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988704272309","article-title":"Frontotemporal Dementia, Semantic Dementia, and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: The Contribution of Standard Neuropsychological Tests to Differential Diagnosis","volume":"18","author":"Diehl","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.12.009","article-title":"Naming Unique Entities in the Semantic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Towards a Better Understanding of the Semantic Impairment","volume":"95","author":"Montembeault","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1590\/S1980-57642009DN20300010","article-title":"Subclinical Naming Errors in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Semantic Deficit?","volume":"2","author":"Willers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dement. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012919","article-title":"Semantic Error Patterns on the Boston Naming Test in Normal Aging, Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Mild Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Is There Semantic Disruption?","volume":"22","author":"Balthazar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.2174\/156720511798192673","article-title":"Left Anterior Temporal Lobe Sustains Naming in Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment","volume":"8","author":"Frings","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimers Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-012-0350-7","article-title":"Association between Fully Automated MRI-Based Volumetry of Different Brain Regions and Neuropsychological Test Performance in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"263","author":"Arlt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-015-1596-3","article-title":"The Neural Correlates of Anomia in the Conversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"58","author":"Tavernier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-012-9190-3","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the ADNI Neuropsychological Battery","volume":"6","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617711001810","article-title":"Reliable Change on the Boston Naming Test","volume":"18","author":"Sachs","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-018-1171-z","article-title":"Quantifying Sensorimotor Experience: Body-Object Interaction Ratings for More than 9000 English Words","volume":"51","author":"Pexman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21049","article-title":"The Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI): MRI Methods","volume":"27","author":"Jack","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imag."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00169-1","article-title":"An Automated Method for Neuroanatomic and Cytoarchitectonic Atlas-Based Interrogation of fMRI Data Sets","volume":"19","author":"Maldjian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-191332","article-title":"Education as Proxy for Cognitive Reserve in a Large Elderly Memory Clinic: \u2018Window of Benefit\u2019","volume":"76","author":"Staekenborg","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"afab228","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afab228","article-title":"Education as a Moderator of Middle-Age Cardiovascular Risk Factor\u2014Old-Age Cognition Relationships: Testing Cognitive Reserve Hypothesis in Epidemiological Study","volume":"51","author":"Kaprio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2010.493151","article-title":"Brain and Cognitive Reserve: Mediator(s) and Construct Validity, a Critique","volume":"33","author":"Satz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.07.219","article-title":"Whitepaper: Defining and Investigating Cognitive Reserve, Brain Reserve, and Brain Maintenance","volume":"16","author":"Stern","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2021.11.022","article-title":"The Role of Cognitive and Brain Reserve in Memory Decline and Atrophy Rate in Mid and Late-Life: The SMART-MR Study","volume":"148","author":"Vonk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00339.2011","article-title":"The Organization of the Human Cerebellum Estimated by Intrinsic Functional Connectivity","volume":"106","author":"Buckner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakatani, H., Nakamura, Y., and Okanoya, K. (Cerebellum, 2022). Respective Involvement of the Right Cerebellar Crus I and II in Syntactic and Semantic Processing for Comprehension of Language, Cerebellum, in press.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-022-01451-y"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Georgiou, E., Prapiadou, S., Thomopoulos, V., Skondra, M., Charalampopoulou, M., Pachi, A., Anagnostopoulou, A., Vorvolakos, T., Perneczky, R., and Politis, A. (2022). Naming Ability Assessment in Neurocognitive Disorders: A Clinician\u2019s Perspective. BMC Psychiatry, 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-04486-x"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324826an0501_6","article-title":"Familiarity Norms for the Boston Naming Test Stimuli","volume":"5","author":"Ferraro","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.10.020","article-title":"Fast, but not Slow, Familiarity is Preserved in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment","volume":"65","author":"Besson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00793","article-title":"Regional Cerebral Associations Between Psychometric Tests and Imaging Biomarkers in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"11","author":"Hedderich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841942","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.841942","article-title":"Neuropsychological Performance is Correlated with Tau Protein Deposition and Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"14","author":"Qiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Libowitz, M.R., Wei, K., Tran, T., Chu, K., Moncrieffe, K., Harrington, M.G., and King, K. (2021). Regional Brain Volumes Relate to Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers and Neuropsychometry: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254332"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2015.1089505","article-title":"Caution Warranted in Extrapolating from Boston Naming Test Item Gradation Construct","volume":"24","author":"Beattey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Neuropsychol. Adult"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1080\/03640210802035399","article-title":"The Benefits of Sensorimotor Knowledge: Body-Object Interaction Facilitates Semantic Processing","volume":"32","author":"Siakaluk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1177\/1747021817739834","article-title":"An Item-Level Analysis of Lexical-Semantic Effects in Free Recall and Recognition Memory Using the Megastudy Approach","volume":"71","author":"Lau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Q. J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2007.09.007","article-title":"Deficits of Knowledge versus Executive Control in Semantic Cognition: Insights from Cued Naming","volume":"46","author":"Jefferies","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908651","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.908651","article-title":"Item-Level Story Recall Predictors of Amyloid-Beta in Late Middle-Aged Adults at Increased Risk for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"13","author":"Mueller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."}],"container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/13\/5\/806\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:35:48Z","timestamp":1760124948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/13\/5\/806"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["brainsci13050806"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci13050806","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]}}}