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Here, a reversed MIT (REMIT) is presented, which requires moving hands while looking at the reflected image of the paretic one, giving the illusion of being unable to move the unimpaired hand. This study compares MIT and REMIT on post-stroke upper-limb recovery to gain clues on the mechanism of action of mirror therapies. Eight chronic stroke patients underwent two weeks of MIT and REMIT (five sessions each) in a crossover design. Upper-limb Fugl-Meyer, Box and Block and handgrip strength tests were administered at baseline and treatments end. The strength of the mirror illusion was evaluated after each session. MIT induced a larger illusory effect. The Fugl-Meyer score improved to the same extent after both treatments. No changes occurred in the Box and Block and the handgrip tests. REMIT and MIT were equally effective on upper-limb dexterity, challenging the exclusive role of mirror neurons. Contrasting learned nonuse through an intersensory conflict might provide the rationale for both forms of mirror-based rehabilitation after stroke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13060847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T02:58:48Z","timestamp":1684983528000},"page":"847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Reversed Mirror Therapy (REMIT) after Stroke\u2014A Proof-of-Concept Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0980-1587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Tesio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, 20149 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3051-1031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Caronni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, 20149 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8493-4972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Felisari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, 20149 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Banco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, 20149 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1537-3187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, 20149 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9217-4117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Scarano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, 20149 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2921-8658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Bolognini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Neuropsychological Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20122 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280500075717","article-title":"Upper Limb Recovery after Stroke: The Stroke Survivors\u2019 Perspective","volume":"27","author":"Barker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Disabil. 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