{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:57:58Z","timestamp":1792803478693,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program","award":["801715-PUPILTRAITS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["801715-PUPILTRAITS"]}]},{"name":"University of Pisa Fondi Ateneo 2021","award":["801715-PUPILTRAITS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["801715-PUPILTRAITS"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ad39j10","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The relevance of formal hypnotic induction to the experience of trance and its neural correlates is not clear, in that hypnotizability, beliefs and expectation of hypnosis may play a major role. The aim of the study was assessing the EEG brain activity of participants with high (highs) or low hypnotizability scores (lows), aware of their hypnotizability level and informed that the session will include simple relaxation, formal hypnotic induction and neutral hypnosis. A total of 16 highs and 15 lows (according to the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, form A) were enrolled. Their EEGs were recorded during consecutive conditions of open\/closed-eyes relaxation, hypnotic induction, neutral hypnosis and post hypnosis not interrupted by interviews. The studied variables were theta, alpha and gamma power spectral density (PSD), and the Determinism (DET) and Entropy (ENT) of the EEG signal Multidimensional Recurrence Plot (mRP). Highs reported significantly greater changes in their state of consciousness than lows across the session. The theta, alpha and gamma PSD did not exhibit condition-related changes in both groups. The Alpha PSD was larger in highs than in lows on midline sites, and the different sides\/regions\u2019 theta and gamma PSD were observed in the two groups independently from conditions. ENT showed no correlation with hypnotizability, while DET positively correlated with hypnotizability during hypnosis. In conclusion, the relevance of formal hypnotic induction to the experience of trance may be scarce in highs, as they are aware of their hypnotizability scores and expecting hypnosis. Cognitive processing varies throughout the session depending on the hypnotizability level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13060875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T02:33:27Z","timestamp":1685414007000},"page":"875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Is Hypnotic Induction Necessary to Experience Hypnosis and Responsible for Changes in Brain Activity?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2767-0699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro Luis","family":"Callara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u017dan","family":"Zeli\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4370-4190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Fontanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4822-5562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2519-1491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrica Laura","family":"Santarcangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8279-5238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Sebastiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1080\/00029157.2015.1011465","article-title":"Advancing Research and Practice: The Revised APA Division 30 Definition of Hypnosis","volume":"57","author":"Elkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/00029157.2010.10401732","article-title":"Suggestibility, Expectancy, Trance State Effects, and Hypnotic Depth: I. Implications for Understanding Hypnotism","volume":"52","author":"Pekala","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1080\/00207144.2010.499339","article-title":"Trance State Effects and Imagery Vividness Before and During a Hypnotic Assessment: A Preliminary Study","volume":"58","author":"Pekala","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Iber, C., Ancoli-Israel, S., Chesson, A., and Quan, S. (2007). The AASM Manual for Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology, and Technical Specifications, American Academy of Sleep Medicine."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.04.001","article-title":"The Neurophenomenology of Neutral Hypnosis","volume":"49","author":"Terhune","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.12.002","article-title":"Hypnosis and Cognitive Neuroscience: Bridging the Gap","volume":"49","author":"Halligan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"4083","article-title":"Brain Activity and Functional Connectivity Associated with Hypnosis","volume":"27","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.02.020","article-title":"Brain Correlates of Hypnosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analytic Exploration","volume":"81","author":"Landry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Pascalis, V., and Santarcangelo, E.L. (2020). Hypnotizability-Related Asymmetries: A Review. Symmetry, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12061015"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24044","DOI":"10.2196\/24044","article-title":"Bispectral Index Alterations and Associations With Autonomic Changes During Hypnosis in Trauma Center Researchers: Formative Evaluation Study","volume":"5","author":"Dunham","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Form. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1080\/00029157.2014.976786","article-title":"Brain Oscillations, Hypnosis, and Hypnotizability","volume":"57","author":"Jensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rho, G., Callara, A.L., Petri, G., Nardelli, M., Scilingo, E.P., Greco, A., and Pascalis, V.D. (2021). Linear and Nonlinear Quantitative EEG Analysis during Neutral Hypnosis Following an Opened\/Closed Eye Paradigm. Symmetry, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13081423"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keshmiri, S., Alimardani, M., Shiomi, M., Sumioka, H., Ishiguro, H., and Hiraki, K. (2020). Higher Hypnotic Suggestibility Is Associated with the Lower EEG Signal Variability in Theta, Alpha, and Beta Frequency Bands. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230853"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.01.009","article-title":"Different Levels of Category Abstraction by Different Dynamics in Different Prefrontal Areas","volume":"97","author":"Wutz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-4694(97)00105-3","article-title":"Do Changes in Coherence Always Reflect Changes in Functional Coupling?","volume":"106","author":"Florian","year":"1998","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"niab002","DOI":"10.1093\/nc\/niab002","article-title":"Segregated Brain State during Hypnosis","volume":"2021","author":"Tuominen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Conscious."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3109\/03091902.2012.668262","article-title":"EEG Phase Synchronization during Hypnosis Induction","volume":"36","author":"Baghdadi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3109\/03091902.2013.794867","article-title":"The Impacts of Hypnotic Susceptibility on Chaotic Dynamics of EEG Signals during Standard Tasks of Waterloo-Stanford Group Scale","volume":"37","author":"Yargholi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.3109\/03091902.2015.1048317","article-title":"Chaos\u2013Chaos Transition of Left Hemisphere EEGs during Standard Tasks of Waterloo-Stanford Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility","volume":"39","author":"Yargholi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/00207148108409160","article-title":"The Relaxation Response and Hypnosis","volume":"29","author":"Benson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Weitzenhoffer, A.M., and Hilgard, E.R. (1962). Scala Stanford di Suscettibilit\u00e0 Ipnotica, forme A e B [Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form A], Organizzazioni Speciali. Original work published 1959."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00207144.2019.1553759","article-title":"The Roles of Response Expectancies, Baseline Experiences, and Hypnotizability in Spontaneous Hypnotic Experiences","volume":"67","author":"Terhune","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1080\/00029157.2014.976783","article-title":"Hypnosis, Suggestion, and Suggestibility: An Integrative Model","volume":"57","author":"Lynn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1080\/00207144.2019.1649541","article-title":"Hypnosis, Hypnotic Phenomena, and Hypnotic Responsiveness: Clinical and Research Foundations\u2014A 40-Year Perspective","volume":"67","author":"Lynn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-021-06265-8","article-title":"Autosuggestion: A Cognitive Process That Empowers Your Brain?","volume":"240","author":"Myga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1080\/00029157.2020.1742085","article-title":"The Relationship between Expectation and Hypnotic Susceptibility: A Literature Review","volume":"63","author":"Reategui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/00029157.2010.10401746","article-title":"Hypnosis and the Relationship between Trance, Suggestion, Expectancy and Depth: Some Semantic and Conceptual Issues","volume":"53","author":"Wagstaff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2008.06.010","article-title":"Fibromyalgia Pain and Its Modulation by Hypnotic and Non-Hypnotic Suggestion: An FMRI Analysis","volume":"13","author":"Derbyshire","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2014.11.013","article-title":"Hypnosis, Hypnotic Suggestibility, Memory, and Involvement in Films","volume":"33","author":"Maxwell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Conscious. Cogn."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2013.05.009","article-title":"Hypnotic Suggestibility Predicts the Magnitude of the Imaginative Word Blindness Suggestion Effect in a Non-Hypnotic Context","volume":"22","author":"Parris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Conscious. Cogn."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","article-title":"Statistical Power Analyses Using G*Power 3.1: Tests for Correlation and Regression Analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Callara, A.L., Fontanelli, L., Belcari, I., Rho, G., Greco, A., Zeli\u010d, \u017d., Sebastiani, L., and Santarcangelo, E.L. (2023). Modulation of the heartbeat evoked cortical potential by hypnotizability and hypnosis. Psychophysiology, e014309.","DOI":"10.22541\/au.167407911.13110099\/v1"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e328343803b","article-title":"Role of Expectations in Health","volume":"24","author":"Colloca","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1080\/00029157.2014.976785","article-title":"Placebo and Nocebo Effects: A Complex Interplay Between Psychological Factors and Neurochemical Networks","volume":"57","author":"Frisaldi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Hypn."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","article-title":"EEGLAB: An Open Source Toolbox for Analysis of Single-Trial EEG Dynamics Including Independent Component Analysis","volume":"134","author":"Delorme","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"The MathWorks Inc. (2020). MATLAB, version 2020b, The MathWorks Inc."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Touretzky, D., Mozer, M.C., and Hasselmo, M. (1995). Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 8, MIT Press."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.007","article-title":"Imaging Human EEG Dynamics Using Independent Component Analysis","volume":"30","author":"Onton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01835","article-title":"Multidimensional Recurrence Quantification Analysis (MdRQA) for the Analysis of Multidimensional Time-Series: A Software Implementation in MATLAB and Its Application to Group-Level Data in Joint Action","volume":"7","author":"Wallot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.2.965","article-title":"Dynamical Assessment of Physiological Systems and States Using Recurrence Plot Strategies","volume":"76","author":"Webber","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"026702","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.66.026702","article-title":"Recurrence-Plot-Based Measures of Complexity and Their Application to Heart-Rate-Variability Data","volume":"66","author":"Marwan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01679","article-title":"Calculation of Average Mutual Information (AMI) and False-Nearest Neighbors (FNN) for the Estimation of Embedding Parameters of Multidimensional Time Series in Matlab","volume":"9","author":"Wallot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7073","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.45.7073","article-title":"Optimal Delay Time and Embedding Dimension for Delay-Time Coordinates by Analysis of the Global Static and Local Dynamical Behavior of Strange Attractors","volume":"45","author":"Buzug","year":"1992","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2013.08.002","article-title":"Hypnotic Assessment Based on the Recurrence Quantification Analysis of EEG Recorded in the Ordinary State of Consciousness","volume":"83","author":"Madeo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e06871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06871","article-title":"No Evidence for Theta Power as a Marker of Hypnotic State in Highly Hypnotizable Subjects","volume":"7","author":"Hiltunen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5610","DOI":"10.1038\/srep05610","article-title":"Cross-Evidence for Hypnotic Susceptibility through Nonlinear Measures on EEGs of Non-Hypnotized Subjects","volume":"4","author":"Chiarucci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8569","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1063-22.2022","article-title":"The Theta Paradox: 4\u20138 Hz EEG Oscillations Reflect Both Sleep Pressure and Cognitive Control","volume":"42","author":"Snipes","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00406","article-title":"Frontal Midline Theta Rhythm and Gamma Power Changes during Focused Attention on Mental Calculation: An MEG Beamformer Analysis","volume":"8","author":"Ishii","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michels, L., Bucher, K., L\u00fcchinger, R., Klaver, P., Martin, E., Jeanmonod, D., and Brandeis, D. (2010). Simultaneous EEG-FMRI during a Working Memory Task: Modulations in Low and High Frequency Bands. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010298"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.04.014","article-title":"Frontal Midline EEG Dynamics during Working Memory","volume":"27","author":"Onton","year":"2005","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2014.11.015","article-title":"Structural and Functional Correlates of Hypnotic Depth and Suggestibility","volume":"231","author":"McGeown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000198433.29389.54","article-title":"Investigating Evoked and Induced Electroencephalogram Activity in Task-Related Alpha Power Increases during an Internally Directed Attention Task","volume":"17","author":"Cooper","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2005.12.007","article-title":"The Theory of the Whole-Brain-Work","volume":"60","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2006.06.003","article-title":"EEG Alpha Oscillations: The Inhibition\u2013Timing Hypothesis","volume":"53","author":"Klimesch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/ch.35","article-title":"Frontal Functions, Connectivity and Neural Efficiency Underpinning Hypnosis and Hypnotic Susceptibility","volume":"23","author":"Gruzelier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contemp. Hypnosis"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"1","article-title":"Relaxation as a Cognitive Task","volume":"143","author":"Sebastiani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Ital. Biol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.12.044","article-title":"Hypnotizability-Related EEG Alpha and Theta Activities during Visual and Somesthetic Imageries","volume":"470","author":"Cavallaro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.06.044","article-title":"Topology Highlights Mesoscopic Functional Equivalence between Imagery and Perception: The Case of Hypnotizability","volume":"200","author":"Campioni","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2019.103598","article-title":"Does Hypnotic Assessment Predict the Functional Equivalence between Motor Imagery and Action?","volume":"136","author":"Ruggirello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"nix004","DOI":"10.1093\/nc\/nix004","article-title":"New Directions in Hypnosis Research: Strategies for Advancing the Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience of Hypnosis","volume":"2017","author":"Jensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Conscious."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803904","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2022.803904","article-title":"Neural Correlates of Non-Ordinary States of Consciousness in Pranayama Practitioners: The Role of Slow Nasal Breathing","volume":"16","author":"Zaccaro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1080\/13642537.2023.2175885","article-title":"Advancing Hypnotic Inductions: An Ericksonian Perspective","volume":"24","author":"Zeig","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychother. Couns."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varga, K. (2021). Possible Mechanisms of Hypnosis from an Interactional Perspective. Brain Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11070903"}],"container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/13\/6\/875\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:44:33Z","timestamp":1760125473000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/13\/6\/875"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["brainsci13060875"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci13060875","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]]}}}