{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:29:33Z","timestamp":1787243373570,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The advance in imaging techniques is useful for 3D models and printing leading to a real revolution in many surgical specialties, in particular, neurosurgery. Methods: We report on a clinical study on the use of 3D printed models to perform cranioplasty in patients with craniosynostosis. The participants were recruited from various medical institutions and were divided into two groups: Group A (n = 5) received traditional surgical education (including cadaveric specimens) but without using 3D printed models, while Group B (n = 5) received training using 3D printed models. Results: Group B surgeons had the opportunity to plan different techniques and to simulate the cranioplasty. Group B surgeons reported that models provided a realistic and controlled environment for practicing surgical techniques, allowed for repetitive practice, and helped in visualizing the anatomy and pathology of craniosynostosis. Conclusion: 3D printed models can provide a realistic and controlled environment for neurosurgeons to develop their surgical skills in a safe and efficient manner. The ability to practice on 3D printed models before performing the actual surgery on patients may potentially improve the surgeons\u2019 confidence and competence in performing complex craniosynostosis surgeries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13060894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T02:41:35Z","timestamp":1685673695000},"page":"894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["The Use of 3D Printed Models for Surgical Simulation of Cranioplasty in Craniosynostosis as Training and Education"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jean Francois","family":"Uhl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy Department, Paris University and UNESCO Chair of Digital Anatomy, 75100 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Sufianov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Sechenov University, 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camillo","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaciones Morfol\u00f3gicas Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1900, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Iakimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Sechenov University, 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huerta Jose","family":"Mogorron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy Department, Paris University and UNESCO Chair of Digital Anatomy, 75100 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3541-0635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Encarnacion Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Surgery, Peoples Friendship University of Russia, 103274 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Prat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaciones Morfol\u00f3gicas Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1900, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Lorea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaciones Morfol\u00f3gicas Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1900, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matias","family":"Baldoncini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microsurgical Neuroanatomy, Second Chair of Gross Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires B1406, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evgeniy","family":"Goncharov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Traumatology and Orthopedics Center, Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 103272 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1266-9460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Issael","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Rafael Cerda","family":"C\u00e9spedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Santiago (UTESA), Santiago 5100, Dominican Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renat","family":"Nurmukhametov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Surgery, Peoples Friendship University of Russia, 103274 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3686-8907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Montemurro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2590","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-021-02834-8","article-title":"Evaluation of a Wearable AR Platform for Guiding Complex Craniotomies in Neurosurgery","volume":"49","author":"Condino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. 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