{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T05:39:24Z","timestamp":1779255564111,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFC2500502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2500502"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["81701137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81701137"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["81870904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870904"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["KM201910025014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KM201910025014"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["SML20150501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML20150501"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021YFC2500502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2500502"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81701137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81701137"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81870904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870904"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["KM201910025014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KM201910025014"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["SML20150501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML20150501"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Commission of Education","award":["2021YFC2500502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2500502"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Commission of Education","award":["81701137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81701137"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Commission of Education","award":["81870904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870904"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Commission of Education","award":["KM201910025014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KM201910025014"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Commission of Education","award":["SML20150501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML20150501"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals\u2019 Mission Plan","award":["2021YFC2500502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2500502"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals\u2019 Mission Plan","award":["81701137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81701137"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals\u2019 Mission Plan","award":["81870904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870904"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals\u2019 Mission Plan","award":["KM201910025014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KM201910025014"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals\u2019 Mission Plan","award":["SML20150501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SML20150501"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) is a functional metabolite and has been demonstrated to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. It is not clear whether Neu5Ac is associated with a higher risk of cerebrovascular disorders, especially moyamoya disease (MMD). We sought to elucidate the association between serum Neu5Ac levels and MMD in a case\u2013control study and to create a clinical risk model. In our study, we included 360 MMD patients and 89 matched healthy controls (HCs). We collected the participants\u2019 clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and serum Neu5Ac levels. Increased level of serum Neu5Ac was observed in the MMD patients (p = 0.001). After adjusting for traditional confounders, the risk of MMD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.395; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.141\u20131.706) increased with each increment in Neu5Ac level (per \u03bcmol\/L). The area under the curve (AUC) values of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the basic model plus Neu5Ac binary outcomes, Neu5Ac quartiles, and continuous Neu5Ac are 0.869, 0.863, and 0.873, respectively. Furthermore, including Neu5Ac in the model offers a substantial improvement in the risk reclassification and discrimination of MMD and its subtypes. A higher level of Neu5Ac was found to be associated with an increased risk of MMD and its clinical subtypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13060913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T02:57:30Z","timestamp":1686020250000},"page":"913","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Correlation of Serum N-Acetylneuraminic Acid with the Risk of Moyamoya Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8449-6343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenglong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5963-9680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peicong","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4047-0256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaofan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanren","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6715-298X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiheng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junsheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical 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Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, 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University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Beijing Translational Engineering Center for 3D Printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing 100070, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1590\/0100-3984.2021.0010","article-title":"Moyamoya disease and syndrome: A review","volume":"55","author":"Demartini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiol. 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