{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T02:20:29Z","timestamp":1767925229788,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institute of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP 57899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP 57899"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short-length non-protein-coding RNA sequences that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression in a broad range of cellular processes including neuro- development and have previously been implicated in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). In this study, we use our vervet monkey model of FASD to follow up on a prior multivariate (developmental age \u00d7 ethanol exposure) mRNA analysis (GSE173516) to explore the possibility that the global mRNA downregulation we observed in that study could be related to miRNA expression and function. We report here a predominance of upregulated and differentially expressed miRNAs. Further, the 24 most upregulated miRNAs were significantly correlated with their predicted targets (Target Scan 7.2). We then explored the relationship between these 24 miRNAs and the fold changes observed in their paired mRNA targets using two prediction platforms (Target Scan 7.2 and miRwalk 3.0). Compared to a list of non-differentially expressed miRNAs from our dataset, the 24 upregulated and differentially expressed miRNAs had a greater impact on the fold changes of their corresponding mRNA targets across both platforms. Taken together, this evidence raises the possibility that ethanol-induced upregulation of specific miRNAs might contribute functionally to the general downregulation of mRNAs observed by multiple investigators in response to prenatal alcohol exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13060934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T09:54:32Z","timestamp":1686304472000},"page":"934","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["miRNA Expression Analysis of the Hippocampus in a Vervet Monkey Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Reveals a Potential Role in Global mRNA Downregulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rob F.","family":"Gillis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9460-7791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta M.","family":"Palmour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada"},{"name":"Behavioural Science Foundation, Mansion KN 0101, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2009.08.010","article-title":"Diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: A validity study of the fetal alcohol syndrome checklist","volume":"44","author":"Burd","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91291-9","article-title":"Pattern of malformation in offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers","volume":"1","author":"Jones","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"476","article-title":"Les enfants des parents alcoholiques; anomalies observ\u00e9es a propos de 127 cas","volume":"25","author":"Lemoine","year":"1968","journal-title":"Quest Med."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"335","article-title":"Alcohol in pregnancy and fetal heart damage","volume":"204","author":"Loser","year":"1992","journal-title":"Klin. 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