{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T09:41:22Z","timestamp":1788946882258,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Nature Science of Foundation of China","award":["81770526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81770526"]}]},{"name":"National Nature Science of Foundation of China","award":["CSTB2022NSCQ-BHX0664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2022NSCQ-BHX0664"]}]},{"name":"Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Chongqing Natural Science Foundation","award":["81770526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81770526"]}]},{"name":"Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Chongqing Natural Science Foundation","award":["CSTB2022NSCQ-BHX0664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2022NSCQ-BHX0664"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by reduced social interactions, impaired communication, and stereotyped behavior. The aim of this research is to investigate the changes in serotonin (5-HT) in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) of autism-like offspring induced by maternal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with LPS to establish an autism-like model in their offspring. Offspring prenatally exposed to LPS showed autism-like behavior. The serotonin level in the mPFC of 2-week-old offspring was noticeably increased after maternal LPS exposure. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in pathways related to tryptophan metabolism and the serotonin system, as shown in RNA-seq findings. Consistently, tryptophan and serotonin metabolisms were altered in 2-week-old LPS-exposed offspring. The mRNA expression levels of 5-HT catabolic enzymes were remarkably reduced or tended to decrease. Moreover, maternal LPS exposure resulted in a higher serotonin 1B receptor (5-HT1BR) expression level in the mPFC but no difference in tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) or serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT). The concentrations of 5-HT in serum and colon were increased in LPS-exposed offspring. Meanwhile, the expression level of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) in the colon was increased after maternal LPS treatment, whereas SERT was reduced. Furthermore, Golgi-Cox staining showed that neuronal dendritic length and spine density were significantly reduced in the mPFC of LPS-exposed offspring. The current study reveals that maternal LPS treatment resulted in an exaltation of the 5-HT of mPFC in ASD-like young rats, which may partly be caused by the abnormal elevation of 5-HT metabolism in its colon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13060958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T02:54:33Z","timestamp":1686884073000},"page":"958","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Maternal LPS Exposure Enhances the 5-HT Level in the Prefrontal Cortex of Autism-like Young Offspring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Children\u2019s Nutrition Research Center, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400015, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Children\u2019s Nutrition Research Center, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400015, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruifang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Children\u2019s Nutrition Research Center, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and 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Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400015, China"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Children\u2019s Nutrition Research Center, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400015, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0138-4","article-title":"Autism spectrum 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