{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T06:06:10Z","timestamp":1788588370426,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]],"date-time":"2023-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation Grant funded by Kyungpook National University","award":["KNU-082-10000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KNU-082-10000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to answer the questions \u2018What are the neural networks and mechanisms involved in visual and kinesthetic motor imagery?\u2019, and \u2018Is part of cognitive processing included during visual and kinesthetic motor imagery?\u2019 by investigating the neurophysiological networks and activations during visual and kinesthetic motor imagery using motor imagery tasks (golf putting). The experiment was conducted with 19 healthy adults. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine neural activations and networks during visual and kinesthetic motor imagery using golf putting tasks. The findings of the analysis on cerebral activation patterns based on the two distinct types of motor imagery indicate that the posterior lobe, occipital lobe, and limbic lobe exhibited activation, and the right hemisphere was activated during the process of visual motor imagery. The activation of the temporal lobe and the parietal lobe were observed during the process of kinesthetic motor imagery. This study revealed that visual motor imagery elicited stronger activation in the right frontal lobe, whereas kinesthetic motor imagery resulted in greater activation in the left frontal lobe. It seems that kinesthetic motor imagery activates the primary somatosensory cortex (BA 2), the secondary somatosensory cortex (BA 5 and 7), and the temporal lobe areas and induces human sensibility. The present investigation evinced that the neural network and the regions of the brain that are activated exhibit variability contingent on the category of motor imagery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13070983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T02:57:53Z","timestamp":1687489073000},"page":"983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Neuropsychological Activations and Networks While Performing Visual and Kinesthetic Motor Imagery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sechang","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Humanities & Arts, Korea Science Academy of KAIST, 105-47, Baegyanggwanmun-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47162, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Global Institute for Talented Education, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teri","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports Science, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(95)00073-C","article-title":"Mental imagery in the motor context","volume":"33","author":"Jeannerod","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0832","article-title":"Neural simulation of action: A unifying mechanism for motor cognition","volume":"14","author":"Jeannerod","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-016-1112-9","article-title":"Is there symmetry in motor imagery? 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