{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T17:36:23Z","timestamp":1787938583700,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Apathy, a frequent neuropsychiatric symptom in aging neurocognitive disorders, has been associated with cognitive decline and functional disability. Therefore, timely provision of pharmacological interventions for apathy is greatly needed. Design: A systematical literature review of existing studies was conducted up to 30 May 2023 in several databases (PubMed, PsychInfo, Cochrane, Google Scholar, etc.) that included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses assessing pharmacological treatments for apathy in aging neurocognitive disorders. The quality of the studies was appraised. Results: In patients with Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (AD), donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, methylphenidate, and gingko biloba were proven efficacious for apathy, while rivastigmine, cognitive enhancer IRL752 and piribedil were found to be beneficial in patients with Parkinson\u2019s Disease (PD) and agomelatine in patients with Frontotemporal Dementia (FD). The extensive proportion of RCTs in which apathy was used as a secondary outcome measure, along with the considerable methodological heterogeneity, did not allow the evaluation of group effects. Conclusions: Pharmacological interventions for apathy in aging neurocognitive disorders are complex and under-investigated. The continuation of systematic research efforts and the provision of individualized treatment for patients suffering from these disorders is vital.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13071061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T01:43:22Z","timestamp":1689212602000},"page":"1061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A Systematic Review of Pharmacological Interventions for Apathy in Aging Neurocognitive Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7313-6908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Theleritis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 74 Vas. Sofias Ave., 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3366-2989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kostas","family":"Siarkos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 74 Vas. Sofias Ave., 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasios","family":"Politis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurosurgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 1 Rimini Str., 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Smyrnis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 1 Rimini Str., 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charalabos","family":"Papageorgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 74 Vas. Sofias Ave., 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0261-7517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonios M.","family":"Politis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 74 Vas. Sofias Ave., 11528 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.3.489","article-title":"A 1-year, randomized, placebo-controlled study of donepezil in patients with mild to moderate AD","volume":"57","author":"Winblad","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"241","article-title":"Behavioral syndromes in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Frequency and Significance","volume":"1","author":"Cummings","year":"1996","journal-title":"Semin. Clin. 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