{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:19:48Z","timestamp":1760149188781,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The sensorimotor incongruence theory proposes that certain instances of pain result from conflicts in the brain\u2019s sensorimotor networks. Indeed, injuries may cause abnormalities in afferent and cortical signaling resulting in such conflicts. Motion sickness also occurs in instances of incongruent sensorimotor data. It is possible that a sensory processing phenotype exists that predisposes people to both conditions. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether participants with chronic pain recall greater susceptibility to motion sickness before chronic pain onset. Method: Data were collected via an online LimeSurvey. A self-report tendency toward motion sickness was measured using the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire. Group differences were analysed using analysis of covariance methods. Results: 530 patients (low back pain, n = 198; neck pain, n = 59; whiplash-associated disorder, n = 72; fibromyalgia syndrome, n = 114; Migraine, n = 41) and 165 pain-free controls were surveyed. ANCOVA analysis, using sex and anxiety as covariates, suggested that childhood motion sickness susceptibility scores differed by group (F = 2.55 (6, 615), p = 0.019, (\u03b7p2) = 0.024). Planned comparisons, with corrected p-values, suggested that childhood motion sickness was not statistically greater for low back pain, rheumatoid arthritis, migraine, neck pain or whiplash-associated disorder (ps &gt; 0.05), although scores were on average 27%, 42%, 47%, 48% and 58% higher, respectively. Childhood susceptibility was statistically higher in people with FMS (p = 0.018), with scores on average 83% higher than controls. ANCOVA analysis, using sex and anxiety as covariates, suggested that adult motion sickness susceptibility scores did not differ by group (F = 1.86 (6, 613), p = 0.086), although average scores were, on average, at least 33% higher in persistent pain groups. Conclusions: According to retrospective reporting, greater susceptibility to motion sickness appears to pre-date persistent pain in some conditions. This supports the possibility that motion sickness and chronic pain may, in some cases, have overlapping mechanisms related to the handling of incongruent sensorimotor data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13071063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T01:43:22Z","timestamp":1689212602000},"page":"1063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Could Vulnerability to Motion Sickness and Chronic Pain Coexist within a Sensorimotor Phenotype? Insights from over 500 Pre-Pain Motion Sickness Reports"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7693-4158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Simon","family":"Harvie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IIMPACT in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance Unit, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61729-2","article-title":"Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990\u20132010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"380","author":"Vos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.0000000000000014","article-title":"Beyond nociception: The imprecision hypothesis of chronic pain","volume":"156","author":"Moseley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000574","article-title":"The fear-avoidance model of pain","volume":"157","author":"Vlaeyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05003-5","article-title":"Cortical origin of pathological pain","volume":"354","author":"Harris","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12124","DOI":"10.1111\/jabr.12124","article-title":"Pain amplification\u2014A perspective on the how, why, when, and where of central sensitization","volume":"23","author":"Woolf","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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