{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T04:10:14Z","timestamp":1776744614582,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Executive attention as a frontal domain ability that is effective in potentially blocking distracting information, reconciling conflicts among simultaneous attentional demands, and regulating impulsive behavior may be impaired in individuals with obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed (i) to explore the presence of selected cognitive (global cognitive impairment, sensitivity to interference, and attention) and psychological (quality of life, depression, anxiety, and impulsivity) dimensions and (ii) to examine the interactive relationship between attentional dyscontrol\u2014both as a psychological and as a cognitive measure\u2014and the above-mentioned variables in a sample of patients with CVD attending a cardiac rehabilitation program across different body mass index (BMI) levels. Clinical information of 104 patients with CVD was retrospectively collected. Participants were classified into three groups according to their BMI as follows: normal weight (NW = 30), overweight (OW = 19), and obese (OB = 55). Individuals with CVD and a higher BMI showed problems in controlling executive attention\u2014through both neuropsychological and behavioral measures. Specifically, OB patients demonstrated reduced sensitivity to cognitive interference, lower capabilities in divided attention during visual-tracking tasks, and greater impulsivity compared to NW patients. This behavioral characteristic was also found to be correlated with higher levels of anxiety and depression and a lower quality of life. Implications for cognitive rehabilitation were discussed to offer directions for better management of patients with CVD and obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13081182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T10:11:22Z","timestamp":1691662282000},"page":"1182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Executive Attentional Dyscontrol as a Core Cognitive and Behavioral Feature of Individuals with Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-Sectional Investigation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5911-5748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giada","family":"Pietrabissa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Clinical Psychology Research Laboratory, 20149 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide Maria","family":"Cammisuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4326-1596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Scarpina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Department, San Giuseppe Hospital, 28824 Piancavallo, VCO, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience \u201cRita Levi Montalicini\u201d, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clarissa","family":"Volpi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Cardiac Rehabilitation Department, San Luca Hospital, 20149 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8739-6527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lia","family":"Crotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Cardiac Rehabilitation Department, San Luca Hospital, 20149 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Milano Bicocca University, 20126 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Mauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Department, San Giuseppe Hospital, 28824 Piancavallo, VCO, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience \u201cRita Levi Montalicini\u201d, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7139-0726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca Alessandro","family":"Gondoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Cardiac Rehabilitation Department, San Giuseppe Hospital, 28824 Piancavallo, VCO, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2633-9822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Castelnuovo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Clinical Psychology Research Laboratory, 20149 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease burden: Italian and global perspectives","volume":"69","author":"Saglietto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Minerva Cardioangiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487320949414","article-title":"Trends in cardiovascular diseases burden and vascular risk factors in Italy: The Global Burden of Disease study 1990\u20132017","volume":"28","author":"Cortesi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. 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