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Methods of profiling somatosensation that illustrate the variability in impairment within and across different modalities remain limited. We aimed to characterize post-stroke somatosensation profiles (\u201cfingerprints\u201d) of the upper limb using an unsupervised machine learning cluster analysis to capture hidden relationships between measures of touch, proprioception, and haptic object recognition. Raw data were pooled from six studies where multiple quantitative measures of upper limb somatosensation were collected from stroke survivors (n = 207) using the Tactile Discrimination Test (TDT), Wrist Position Sense Test (WPST) and functional Tactile Object Recognition Test (fTORT) on the contralesional and ipsilesional upper limbs. The Growing Self Organizing Map (GSOM) unsupervised machine learning algorithm was used to generate a topology-preserving two-dimensional mapping of the pooled data and then separate it into clusters. Signature profiles of somatosensory impairment across two modalities (TDT and WPST; n = 203) and three modalities (TDT, WPST, and fTORT; n = 141) were characterized for both hands. Distinct impairment subgroups were identified. The influence of background and clinical variables was also modelled. The study provided evidence of the utility of unsupervised cluster analysis that can profile stroke survivor signatures of somatosensory impairment, which may inform improved diagnosis and characterization of impairment patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13091253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T01:56:57Z","timestamp":1693187817000},"page":"1253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Profiling Somatosensory Impairment after Stroke: Characterizing Common \u201cFingerprints\u201d of Impairment Using Unsupervised Machine Learning-Based Cluster Analysis of Quantitative Measures of the Upper Limb"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4822-3799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isuru","family":"Senadheera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe Business School, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"},{"name":"Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2030-8198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beverley C.","family":"Larssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne Y. K.","family":"Mak-Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"},{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, St. Vincent\u2019s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Steinfort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"},{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6376-8613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leeanne M.","family":"Carey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"},{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damminda","family":"Alahakoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe Business School, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.023750","article-title":"Somatosensory Deficits after Ischemic Stroke: Time Course and Association with Infarct Location","volume":"50","author":"Kessner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2015.1116822","article-title":"Somatosensory Deficits after Stroke: A Scoping Review","volume":"23","author":"Kessner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Top. 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