{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:42:38Z","timestamp":1785908558925,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Social cognition has a broad theoretical definition, which includes the ability to mentalise, i.e., recognise and infer mental states to explain and predict another\u2019s behaviour. There is growing recognition of the clinical, diagnostic, and prognostic value of assessing a person\u2019s ability to perform social cognitive tasks, particularly aspects of theory of mind, such as mentalising. One such measure of mentalising is the \u2018Reading the Mind in the Eyes\u2019 test (RMET). This systematic review and meta-analysis consider performance on the RMET, applied to people with neurodegenerative conditions in matched control studies, since its publication in 2001. Overall, this review includes 22 papers with data from N = 800 participants with neurodegenerative conditions: Alzheimer\u2019s disease, n = 31; Parkinson\u2019s disease, n = 221; Lewy body dementia, n = 33; motor neuron disease, n = 218; Huntington\u2019s disease n = 80; multiple sclerosis, n = 217; and N = 601 matched typical controls. Our meta-analyses show that deficits in mentalising, as measured by the RMET, are consistently reported across neurodegenerative conditions, with participants in both early and late disease stages being affected. Social cognition is an emerging field of cognitive neuroscience requiring specific and sensitive measurement across each subdomain. Adult-based meta-normative data feature, for which future groups or individuals could be compared against, and hypotheses relating to the source of these mentalising deficits are further discussed. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020182874).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13091268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T11:31:18Z","timestamp":1693481478000},"page":"1268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A 20-Year Systematic Review of the \u2018Reading the Mind in the Eyes\u2019 Test across Neurodegenerative Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Owen","family":"Stafford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University College Dublin, D04 F6X4 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Gleeson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciara","family":"Egan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conall","family":"Tunney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acquired Brain Injury Ireland, Meath Services, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9842-1492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendan","family":"Rooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University College Dublin, D04 F6X4 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiadhnait","family":"O\u2019Keeffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University College Dublin, D04 F6X4 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"St Vincent\u2019s University Hospital, D04 T6F4 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garret","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Tallaght University Hospital, D24 NR0A Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Baron-Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 8AH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6563-1597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University College Dublin, D04 F6X4 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition, and Genomics\uff0cUniversity of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01805","article-title":"Prefrontal Cortex and Social Cognition in Mouse and Man","volume":"6","author":"Bicks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. 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