{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T19:18:38Z","timestamp":1788376718576,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Hospital Clinical Research Program","award":["PHRC -19-0413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PHRC -19-0413"]}]},{"name":"the Hospital Clinical Research Program","award":["750712184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["750712184"]}]},{"name":"the Hospital Clinical Research Program","award":["AP-HP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP-HP"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of high-frequency Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (HF-rTMS) of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in treating Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is currently regarded as a level B intervention (probable effectiveness). HF-rTMS has attracted interest as a neuromodulation therapeutic method for PTSD. Prolonged exposure and reactivation therapy are also regarded as first-line treatments for PTSD. Randomized controlled clinical studies examining the effectiveness of several HF-rTMS sessions coupled with psychotherapy have not yet been completed. In total, 102 patients with refractory PTSD will be randomly assigned (1:1) to reactivation therapy, in addition to either active HF-rTMS (20 Hz) or sham HF-rTMS, for 12 sessions in a nationwide, multicenter, double-blind controlled trial. The impact on PTSD symptoms and neurocognitive functioning will be assessed. The primary outcome is the PTSD severity score measured based on the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) at one month. If this additional therapy is successful, it may strengthen the case for regulatory authorities to approve this additional technique of treating PTSD. Additionally, it expands the field of neurostimulation-assisted psychotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13091274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T08:19:39Z","timestamp":1693556379000},"page":"1274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Study Protocol of a Nationwide Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Neuro-Enhanced Psychotherapy \u201cTraumaStim\u201d"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Ferreri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, H\u00f4pital Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France"},{"name":"ICRIN\u2014Psychiatry (Infrastructure of Clinical Research in Neurosciences\u2014Psychiatry), Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4226-7956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephane","family":"Mouchabac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, H\u00f4pital Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France"},{"name":"ICRIN\u2014Psychiatry (Infrastructure of Clinical Research in Neurosciences\u2014Psychiatry), Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Sylvestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, H\u00f4pital Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Millet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICRIN\u2014Psychiatry (Infrastructure of Clinical Research in Neurosciences\u2014Psychiatry), Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"Service de Psychiatrie Adulte de la Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3877-0855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wissam","family":"El Hage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre R\u00e9gional de Psychotraumatologie CVL, CHRU de Tours, UMR 1253, iBrain, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8035-8843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Adrien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, H\u00f4pital Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France"},{"name":"ICRIN\u2014Psychiatry (Infrastructure of Clinical Research in Neurosciences\u2014Psychiatry), Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1438-5733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis","family":"Bourla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, H\u00f4pital Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France"},{"name":"ICRIN\u2014Psychiatry (Infrastructure of Clinical Research in Neurosciences\u2014Psychiatry), Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"Clariane, Medical Strategy and Innovation Department, 75008 Paris, France"},{"name":"NeuroStim Psychiatry Practice, 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22169","article-title":"Cumulative traumas and risk thresholds: 12-month PTSD in the World Mental Health (WMH) surveys","volume":"31","author":"Karam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Depress. 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