{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:09:16Z","timestamp":1792804156377,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008322","name":"CSL Behring N.V., \u2018Biomarker discovery for myositis\u2019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A23\/TT\/0156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A23\/TT\/0156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The implementation of novel blood-based biomarkers is desired to reduce the diagnostic delay and burden for myositis patients. In this retrospective study, the potential of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) was explored in an established patient cohort diagnosed with immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM; n = 21), sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM; n = 18), overlap myositis (OM; n = 3), dermatomyositis (DM; n = 2), and anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS; n = 1), comparing these results with healthy controls (n = 10) and patients with a hereditary neuromuscular disorder (n = 14). CXCL10 and GDF15 were quantified in sera with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunolocalized in skeletal muscle tissue. In myositis patients, serum CXCL10 levels were significantly increased 9.6-fold compared to healthy controls and 4.2-fold compared to disease controls. Mean levels of CXCL10 were 929 \u00b1 658 pg\/mL of serum in IBM and 425 \u00b1 324 pg\/mL of serum in IMNM. With the threshold set to 180 pg\/mL of CXCL10, myositis patients could be differentiated from healthy and disease controls with a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.71. Incorporating a threshold of 300 pg\/mL for GDF15 reduced false negatives to two IMNM patients only. Subsets of muscle-infiltrating immune cells expressed CXCL10, and serum levels correlated with muscle inflammation grade. We propose adding circulating CXCL10 and GDF15 to the blood-based diagnostic toolkit for myositis as a valuable patient-friendly approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13101369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T03:53:00Z","timestamp":1695700380000},"page":"1369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Retrospective Study Shows That Serum Levels of Chemokine CXCL10 and Cytokine GDF15 Support a Diagnosis of Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis and Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9403-4401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boel","family":"De Paepe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Neuromuscular Reference Center, Ghent University Hospital, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken R.","family":"Bracke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan L.","family":"De Bleecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Neuromuscular Reference Center, Ghent University Hospital, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502132920706","article-title":"Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (first of two parts)","volume":"292","author":"Bohan","year":"1975","journal-title":"N. 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